Upper Chinook language
Upper Chinook | |
---|---|
Kiksht | |
Native to | United States |
Region | Columbia River |
Extinct | 2012[1] with the death of Gladys Thompson |
Chinookan
|
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | wac |
Glottolog | wasc1239 [2] |
Upper Chinook, also known as Kiksht, Columbia Chinook, and Wasco-Wishram after its last surviving dialect, is a recently extinct language of the US Pacific Northwest. It had 69 speakers in 1990, of whom 7 were monolingual: five Wasco[3] and two Wishram. In 2001, there were five remaining speakers of Wasco.[4]
The last fully fluent speaker of Kiksht, Gladys Thompson, died in 2012.[1] She had been honored for her work by the Oregon Legislature in 2007.[5][6][7] Two new speakers were teaching Kiksht at the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in 2006.[8] The Northwest Indian Language Institute of the University of Oregon formed a partnership to teach Kiksht and Numu in the Warm Springs schools.[9][10] Audio and video files of Kiksht are available at the Endangered Languages Archive.[11]
Dialects
- Multnomah, once spoken on Sauvie Island and in the Portland area in northwestern Oregon
- Kiksht
Kathlamet has been classified as an additional dialect; it was not mutually intelligible.
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Culture: Language. The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon. 2009 (retrieved 9 April 2009)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Last Fluent Speaker of Kiksht Dies
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Bibliography
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External links
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- Kiksht - Washco Wishram - Upper Chinook videos, YouTube
- Wasco-Wishram Indian Language (Upper Chinook, Kiksht, Clackamas) at native-languages.org
- Digital Kiksht, video about digitizing Kiksht language materials
- Audio of spoken Kiksht