William Dunlap

For other uses, see William Dunlap (disambiguation).

William Dunlap
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Born	(1766-02-19)February 19, 1766 Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Died	New York, New York
Education	Studied painting in London under Benjamin West
Occupation	Painter, playwright, historian
Employer	Park Theatre, New York City
Known for	Founded National Academy of Design
Notable work	André History of the American Theatre
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Woolsey
Signature
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William Dunlap (February 19, 1766 – September 28, 1839) was a pioneer of American theater. He was a producer, playwright, and actor, as well as a historian. He managed two of New York City's earliest and most prominent theaters, the John Street Theatre (from 1796–98) and the Park Theatre (from 1798–1805). He was also an artist, despite losing an eye in childhood.

File:George Washington by William Dunlap 1783.jpg

George Washington, painted in 1783 by William Dunlap during Washington's stay at Rockingham

He was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, the son of an army officer wounded at the Battle of Quebec in 1759. In 1783, he painted a portrait of George Washington, while staying at Rockingham in Rocky Hill. The painting is now owned by the United States Senate. He later studied art under Benjamin West in London. Another teacher was Abraham Delanoy, with whom he had a handful of lessons in New York. After returning to America in 1787, he worked exclusively in the theater for 18 years, resuming painting out of economic necessity in 1805. By 1817, he was a full-time painter.

In his lifetime he produced more than sixty plays, most of which were adaptations or translations from French or German works. A few were original: these were based on American themes and had American characters. However, he is best known for his encyclopedic three-volume History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States, which was published in 1834, and which is now an invaluable source of information about artists, collecting, and artistic life generally in the colonial and federal periods.

His plays include:

• The Father (1789)
• Andre (1798)
• The Stranger (1798)
• The Italian Father (1799)
• False Shame (1799)
• The Virgin of the Sun (1800)
• The Glory of Columbia, Her Yeomanry (1803)
• Memoirs of George Frederick Cooke (1813)
• A Trip to Niagara (1828)

In 1825 Dunlap was one of the founders of the National Academy of Design, and taught at its school. He published his History of the American Theater in two volumes in 1832.

Further reading

• William Dunlap. A history of the rise and progress of the arts of design in the United States, new ed. Boston: C.E. Goodspeed & Co., 1918; p. 344. v.1; v.2; v.3 Google books
• Wilmeth, Don B. and Christopher Bigsby, eds. The Cambridge History of American Theatre, Volume I: Beginnings to 1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
• Lyons, Maura. William Dunlap and the Construction of an American Art History. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2005.
• "THE GLORY OF COLUMBIA, HER YEOMANRY" (1803) by William Dunlap

External links

• William Dunlap
• Works by William Dunlap at Project Gutenberg
• William Dunlap Collection. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.