William R. Day

For other individuals named William Day, see William Day (disambiguation).

William Rufus Day
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
In office February 23, 1903 – November 13, 1922
Nominated by	Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded by	George Shiras, Jr.
Succeeded by	Pierce Butler
Judge on United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
In office February 28, 1899 – February 23, 1903
Nominated by	William McKinley
Preceded by	seat created
Succeeded by	John Kelvey Richards
36th United States Secretary of State
In office April 28, 1898 – September 16, 1898
President	William McKinley
Preceded by	John Sherman
Succeeded by	John Hay
22nd United States Assistant Secretary of State
In office May 3, 1897 – April 27, 1898
President	William McKinley
Preceded by	William Woodville Rockhill
Succeeded by	John Bassett Moore
Personal details
Born	(1849-04-17)April 17, 1849 Ravenna, Ohio, U.S.
Died	Mackinac Island, Michigan, U.S.
Resting place	West Lawn Cemetery, Canton, Ohio
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Mary Elizabeth Schaefer
Children	William L., Luther, Stephen, Rufus
Alma mater	University of Michigan
Profession	Politician, Lawyer, Diplomat, Judge
Religion	Lutheran
Signature

William Rufus Day (April 17, 1849 – July 9, 1923) was an American diplomat and jurist, who served for nineteen years as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Life and politics

Day was born in Ravenna, Ohio, son of Luther Day of the Ohio Supreme Court. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1870 and spent the following year in the school's law department. He settled in Canton, Ohio in 1872, where he began practicing law in a partnership with William A. Lynch. For twenty-five years, Day worked as a criminal and corporate lawyer in the growing industrial town while participating in Republican politics.

During these years, Day became a good friend of William McKinley. Day became McKinley's legal and political adviser during McKinley's candidacies for the Congress, the governorship of Ohio, and the presidency of the United States. After he won the presidency, McKinley appointed Day to be Assistant Secretary of State under Secretary of State John Sherman. Sherman was considered to be ineffective, and in 1898, President McKinley replaced Sherman with Day

Five months later, Day vacated his cabinet position to helm the United States Peace Commission formed to negotiate an end to the Spanish–American War with Spain. After the Spanish–American War was declared, Day had argued that the Spanish colonies, other than Cuba, should be returned to Spain, contrary to McKinley's decision that the United States should take over from Spain control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Day, however, negotiated peace with Spain on McKinley's harsher terms. His final diplomatic effort was to lead the United States Peace Commission into Paris, France and sign the Treaty of Paris ending the war.

Portrait of William R. Day

On February 25, 1899, following Day's return from Europe, McKinley nominated Day to a new seat, on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, created by 30 Stat. 803. The Circuit included Day's home state of Ohio. Day was confirmed by the United States Senate very quickly, on February 28, 1899, and received commission the same day. His position as head of the state department was filled by John Hay.

President McKinley was assassinated in September 1901 and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt took his place. On February 19, 1903, Roosevelt nominated Day as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, to a seat vacated by George Shiras, Jr. The Senate confirmed the nomination on February 23, 1903, and Day received his commission the same day, thereafter taking his new position on March 2, 1903.

Day wrote 439 opinions during his tenure on the court, of which only 18 were dissents. He distrusted large corporations and voted with antitrust majorities throughout his time on the court. He sided with the government in the Standard Oil, American Tobacco, and Union Pacific cases in 1911 and 1912 and again in the Southern Pacific case in 1922.

He is recorded as asking his clerk for "regular updates" during the bench hearing of Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. v. United States about the final game of the 1912 World Series.

Day retired from the court on November 13, 1922, and briefly served as an Umpire of the Mixed Claims Commission to Adjudicate War Claims against Germany. He died in 1923 following year on Mackinac Island in Michigan. He is buried at West Lawn Cemetery in Canton, Ohio.

Important opinions authored by Day

• Ware & Leland v. Mobile County, 209 U.S. 405 (1908)--held that contracts for the sales of cotton for future delivery that do not oblige interstate shipments are not subjects of interstate commerce
• Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus, 210 U.S. 339 (1908)--helped establish "first-sale doctrine" in United States copyright law
• Muskrat v. United States, 219 U.S. 346 (1911)--held that there must be an actual controversy between parties for the Federal courts to have jurisdiction
• Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell, 229 U.S. 1 (1913)--held that patent rights could not be extended by the holder by means of a licensing agreement.
• Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383 (1914)--held that exclusionary rule is applicable to the federal government for violations of the Fourth Amendment.
• Buchanan v. Warley, 245 U.S. 60 (1917)--held that municipal ordinances segregating neighborhoods were unconstitutional
• Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918)-- held that laws regulating child labor are beyond the scope of Congress's constitutional power under the commerce clause

References

• William R. Day at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.

External links

• William R. Day at Find A Grave
• William R. Day at The Political Graveyard

• William R. Day at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
• William R. Day biography at The Ohio Judicial Court
• William R. Day biography at Michael Ariens
• William R. Day biography at The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
• William R. Day biography at The Raven Hall of Fame
• William R. Day biography at The United States State Department
• William R. Day biography at The Hall of the Secretaries of State