Wolfgang Paul

This article is about the German physicist. For the Austrian-Swiss physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1945, see Wolfgang Pauli. For the German footballer, see Wolfgang Paul (footballer).

Wolfgang Paul
File:Wolfgang Paul.jpg
Born	(1913-08-10)10 August 1913 Lorenzkirch, Saxony, German Empire
Died	Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Nationality	Germany
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Bonn
Alma mater	Technical University of Munich Technical University of Berlin University of Göttingen
Doctoral advisor	Hans Kopfermann
Known for	Ion traps
Notable awards	Nobel Prize in physics (1989) Dirac Medal (1992)
Notes
Wolfgang Pauli humorously referred to him as his "imaginary part".

Wolfgang Paul (10 August 1913 – 7 December 1993) was a German physicist, who co-developed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what we now call an ion trap. He shared one-half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work with Hans Georg Dehmelt; the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded to Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.

Early life

Wolfgang Paul was born on 10 August 1913 in Lorenzkirch, Germany. He grew up in Munich where his father was a professor of pharmaceutical chemistry. After the first few years at the Technical University of Munich, he changed to the Technical University of Berlin in 1934 where he finished his Diploma in 1937 at the group of Hans Geiger. He followed his doctorate adviser Hans Kopfermann to the University of Kiel and after being drafted to the air force he finished his PhD in 1940 at the Technical University of Berlin.

During World War II, he researched isotope separation, which is necessary to produce fissionable material for use in making nuclear weapons.

Academic career

For several years he was a private lecturer at the University of Göttingen with Hans Kopfermann. He became a professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Bonn and stayed there from 1952 until 1993. For two years from 1965 to 1967 he was director of the Division of Nuclear Physics at CERN.

Scientific results

He developed techniques for trapping charged particles mass spectrometry by electric quadrupole fields in the 1950s. Paul traps are used extensively today to contain and study ions. He developed molecular beam lenses and worked on a 500 MeV electron synchrotron, followed by one at 2500 MeV in 1965. Later he worked on containing slow neutrons in magnetic storage rings, measuring the free neutron lifetime.

He was humorously referred to as Wolfgang Pauli's imaginary part.

Göttingen Manifesto

In 1957, Paul was a signatory of the Göttingen Manifesto, a declaration of 18 leading nuclear scientists of West Germany against arming the West German army with tactical nuclear weapons.

Sons

His son Stephan Paul is a professor of experimental physics at the Technical University of Munich. His son Lorenz Paul is a professor of physics at the University of Wuppertal.

External links

• Nobel autobiographical information