Demographics of Yemen

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Ethnoreligious groups in 2002

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Yemen, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Population

Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1950 4,316,000 —    
1960 5,116,000 +18.5%
1970 6,145,000 +20.1%
1980 7,945,000 +29.3%
1990 11,948,000 +50.4%
2000 17,723,000 +48.3%
2010 24,053,000 +35.7%
Source: [1]

The population of Yemen was about 24 million according to June 2011 estimates, with 46% of the population being under 15 years old and 2.7% above 65 years. In 1950, it was 4.3 million.[2][3] By 2050, the population is estimated to increase to about 60 million.[4]

Yemenis are mainly of Arab origin.[5] When the former states of North and South Yemen were established, most resident minority groups departed.[6] Yemen is still a largely tribal society.[7] In the northern, mountainous parts of the country, there are some 400 Zaidi tribes.[8] There are also hereditary caste groups in urban areas such as Al-Akhdam.[9]

According to the USCRI, Yemen hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 124,600 in 2007. Refugees and asylum seekers living in Yemen were predominantly from Iraq, Somalia, Ethiopia,[10] and Syria.[11]

Vital statistics

In 2007 the birthrate and death rate were estimated to be 42.7 per 1,000 and 8.1 per 1,000, respectively (CIA est.). The infant mortality rate was almost 58 deaths per 1,000 live births. The rate was estimated to be higher for males than for females—more than 62 male deaths per 1,000 live births, as compared with about 53 female deaths per 1,000 live births. Despite an increase of 14 years in the last decade, life expectancy at birth in Yemen has remained low compared with other developing countries—60.6 years for males and 64.5 years for females, or 62.5 years overall. The country’s fertility rate was almost 6.5 children per woman in 2007 free.[12]

UN estimates[13]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950–1955 214,000 131,000 84,000 47.6 29.0 18.6 7.27 215.1
1955–1960 234,000 133,000 101,000 47.8 27.1 20.7 7.28 204.2
1960–1965 261,000 138,000 123,000 48.6 25.6 22.9 7.34 194.0
1965–1970 296,000 144,000 152,000 50.3 24.5 25.8 7.52 184.4
1970–1975 329,000 149,000 180,000 51.2 23.2 28.0 7.67 174.4
1975–1980 410,000 144,000 266,000 56.0 19.7 36.3 8.58 143.2
1980–1985 512,000 140,000 373,000 57.9 15.8 42.1 9.23 113.5
1985–1990 585,000 137,000 448,000 53.9 12.6 41.3 8.93 94.0
1990–1995 665,000 155,000 510,000 49.1 11.4 37.6 8.24 86.2
1995–2000 702,000 167,000 535,000 42.7 10.2 32.6 6.98 78.6
2000–2005 765,000 159,000 605,000 39.9 8.3 31.5 6.10 64.8
2005–2010 864,000 156,000 708,000 38.6 7.0 31.7 5.48 53.3
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[14]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1997 39.2 6.48 35.2 5.01 40.6 7.03
2013 33.4 4.4 (3,1) 27.4 3.2 (2,4) 36.2 5.1 (3,5)

Ethnic groups

Predominantly Yemeni; but also African peoples, South Asian peoples, and European peoples.[15]

Languages

Arabic is the official language; English is also used in official and business circles.[12] In the Mahra area (the extreme east), several non-Arabic languages (including Mehri) are spoken.[16] When the former states of north and south Yemen were established, most resident minority groups departed.[16]

Religions

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Main article: Religion in Yemen

Religion in Yemen consists primarily of two principal Islamic religious groups: 53% of the Muslim population is Sunni and over 45% is Shia, according to the UNHCR.[17] Other put the numbers of Shias at 30%.[18][12] Sunnis primarily adhere to the Shafi'i school, and there are also significant followers of the Maliki and Hanbali schools. Shias are primarily Zaidi and also have significant minorities of Twelver[17][19] and Ismaili Shias.[17]

Zaidis are generally found in the north and northwest and Shafi'is in the south and southeast.[16] There are also approximately 3,000 Christians and 400 Jews.[12]

Literacy

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See also: Education in Yemen

According to composite data compiled by the World Bank, the adult literacy rate for Yemen in 2005 was 35 percent for females and 73 percent for males. The overall literacy rate for the population age 15 and older was 54 percent. By comparison, low-income countries in the aggregate average an adult literacy rate of almost 62 percent.[12]

In 2006 only 75 percent of Yemen’s school-age population was enrolled in primary school; enrollment was even lower for the female population—only 65 percent. In that same year, only 37 percent of the school-age population was enrolled in secondary school, including only 26 percent of eligible females.[12]

Diaspora

The Yemeni diaspora is largely concentrated in the United Kingdom, where between 70,000 and 80,000 Yemenis live. Over 20,000 Yemenis reside in the United States, and an additional 2,812 live in Italy. Other Yemenis also reside in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain, as well as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and the former USSR. A smaller number of modern-day Pakistanis are of Yemeni descent, their original ancestors having left Yemen for the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia over four centuries ago.[20] 350,000 Yemenite Jews live in Israel. In 2015, due to the conflict in Yemen, many have migrated to the northern coasts of Djibouti and Somalia.

Demographic statistics from the CIA World Factbook

Population: thousands of inhabitants. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005. Yemen has a growth rate of 3.46% (2008 est.)[15]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[15]

Population

Year Population
(July est.)		 Growth rate
(est.)
2004 20,024,867
2005 20,727,063
2006 21,456,188
2007 22,230,531
2008 23,013,376
2009 23,822,783
2010 23,495,361
2011 24,133,492

Source: CIA Factbooks 2000–2010.

Year Birth rate (est.):
births/1000 pop.		 Death rate (est.):
deaths/1000 pop.		 Net migration rate (est.):
migrants/1000 pop.
2004 43.16 8.78 0
2005 43.07 8.53 0
2006 42.89 8.30 0
2007 42.67 8.05 0
2008 42.42 7.83
2009 42.14 7.61 N/A
2010 34.37 7.24 N/A

Age structure

estimates for 2010:

0–14 years: 43.5% (male 5,199,954/female 5,013,165)
15–64 years: 53.9% (male 6,438,569/female 6,233,708)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 291,319/female 318,646)

Population growth rate

2.713% (2010 est.)

Sex ratio

(2010 est.)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female

Urbanization

Urban population: 31% of total population (2008)
Rate of urbanization: 4.9% annual rate of change (2005–2010 est.)

AIDS adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS

12,000 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS – deaths

N/A

Life expectancy at birth

(2010 est.)

total population: 63.36 years
male: 61.35 years
female: 65.47 years

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: cows
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Nationality

  • noun: Yemeni(s)
  • adjective: Yemeni

References

  1. ↑ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (subscription required)
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (for Arabic, read it here: [1].)
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Requires 3rd-party cookies)
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Country profile: Yemen. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (August 2008).  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  13. ↑ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
  14. ↑ http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR94/FR94.pdf
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 The World Factbook - Yemen
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Background note: Yemen. US Department of State (December 2007).  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Yemenis in the UK
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