2022 Hungarian parliamentary election

2022 Hungarian parliamentary election
	← List of members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2018–2022) elected members →
All 199 seats in the National Assembly; 100 seats needed for a majority
	350px Map showing constituencies (numbered by county) and seats contested at the election
Prime Minister before election; Viktor Orbán; Fidesz	Elected Prime Minister; TBD;

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Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 3 April 2022 to elect the National Assembly, coinciding with a referendum.^[1]^[2] The votes are currently being counted.

Background

Amendment of the electoral law

The electoral law, under which the previous two elections were held (2014, 2018), specified the number of constituency candidates a party needed to run nationwide at 27, in at least 9 counties.

On 15 December 2020, the National Assembly, in which the governing parties held the needed 2/3 majority, voted to increase the requirements to a total of 71 constituency candidates in at least 14 counties and the capital.^[3]^[4]

Creation of joint opposition list

In 2019 local elections, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement, Dialogue and numerous other parties or independent candidates ran in joint lists. It enabled opposition parties to win the majority in the General Assembly of Budapest and in ten of the 23 cities with county rights.^[5]

On 14 August 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement, MLP,^[6] UK^[7] and Dialogue decided to field joint candidates in all of Hungary’s 106 constituencies and launch a joint program for the elections.^[8]

On 15 November 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement and Dialogue agreed on running with a common candidate for Prime Minister, to be selected in a primary election. They expect the candidate to be selected by 23 October 2021.^[9]

On 20 December 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement and Dialogue decided on running together on a common list (unnamed as of yet), solidifying their electoral alliance.^[10]^[11] The leaders of the respective parties have also signed a declaration containing the terms of their cooperation, titled "Korszakváltás Garanciái" ("Principles for Hungary's governance after 2022"). The opposition coalition was very ideologically diverse, something described by observers as a potential hindrance to presenting a united front to defeat Orbán.^[12]

Opposition primary

The Opposition primary was held in Hungary, between 18–28 September 2021 (first round) and 10–16 October 2021 (second round), to select the candidate for Prime Minister of Hungary supported by the opposition parties to form a coalition to compete in the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election. It was the first countrywide primary election in the political history of Hungary.

On 17 October 2021, non-partisan candidate Péter Márki-Zay won in the runoff (second round) of the opposition primary, becoming the United Opposition candidate in the election for prime minister.^[13] The parties had also selected common candidates for single-member districts via the primary in the first round.

Electoral system

The 199 members of the National Assembly are to be elected by two methods; 106 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting, with the remaining 93 elected from a single nationwide constituency mostly by proportional representation, via a partially compensatory system (a hybrid of parallel voting and the mixed single vote). The electoral threshold is set at 5%, although this is raised to 10% for coalitions of two parties and 15% for coalitions of three or more parties. Seats are to be allocated using the d'Hondt method.^[14]

Since 2014, each of the Armenian, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Rusyn, Serbian, Slovakian, Slovenian, and Ukrainian ethnic minorities can win one of the 93 party lists seats if they register as a specific lists and reach a lowered quota of $\frac{1}{4 \times 93}=\frac{1}{372}\approx0.27\%$ of the total of party list votes.^[15]

Parties and coalitions

File:Választás 2022 Budapest 16 OEVK.jpg

Fidesz and opposition election posters in Budapest No. 16 in a parliamentary individual constituency

The following parties are represented in the National Assembly, or are commonly included in public opinion polling:

Party/Coalition Full name			Ideology	Leader(s)	2018 result		Current seats
Party/Coalition Full name			Ideology	Leader(s)	Votes (%)	Seats	Current seats
	Fidesz–KDNP	Fidesz Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance	National conservatism	Viktor Orbán	49.27	116 / 199	116 / 199
	Fidesz–KDNP	KDNP Christian Democratic People's Party	Christian right	Zsolt Semjén	49.27	17 / 199	17 / 199
	United for Hungary Egységben Magyarországért	Jobbik Movement for a Better Hungary	Conservatism	Péter Jakab	19.06	26 / 199	17 / 199
		MSZP Hungarian Socialist Party	Social democracy	Bertalan Tóth Ágnes Kunhalmi	11.31	17 / 199	15 / 199
		Dialogue Dialogue for Hungary	Green politics	Gergely Karácsony Tímea Szabó	11.31	3 / 199	5 / 199
		DK Democratic Coalition	Social liberalism	Ferenc Gyurcsány	5.38	9 / 199	9 / 199
		LMP LMP – Hungary's Green Party	Green liberalism	Máté Kanász-Nagy Erzsébet Schmuck	7.06	8 / 199	6 / 199
		Momentum Momentum Movement	Liberalism	Anna Donáth	3.06	0 / 199	0 / 199
	Mi Hazánk Our Homeland Movement		Hungarian nationalism	László Toroczkai	Did not exist^{[lower-alpha 1]}		2 / 199
	MKKP Hungarian Two Tailed Dog Party		Joke party	Gergely Kovács	1.73	0 / 199	0 / 199
	NÉP Party of Normal Life		Vaccine hesitancy	György Gödény	0.07^{[lower-alpha 5]}	0 / 199	0 / 199
	Megoldás Mozgalom Solution Movement		Digitalization	György Gattyán	Did not exist		0 / 199
	Independents		–	–	1.01^{[lower-alpha 6]}	1 / 199	6 / 199 ^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Opinion polls

Opinion polling for the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election

Results

Turnout

Turnout (within Hungary only, excluding eligible voters abroad)^[16]
7:00	9:00	11:00	13:00	15:00	17:00	18:30	Overall
1.82%	10.31%	25.77%	40.01%	52.75%	62.92%	67.80%	69.08%

Results by party

Party		Party list			Constituency			Total
300px
Party		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Seats	±
	Fidesz–KDNP
	United for Hungary
	Our Homeland Movement								New
	Hungarian Two Tailed Dog Party
	Party of Normal Life								New
	Solution Movement								New
	National Self-Government of Germans
	National Self-Government of Croats
	National Self-Government of Slovaks
	National Self-Government of Rusyns
	National Self-Government of Serbs
	National Self-Government of Ukrainians
	National Self-Government of Poles
	National Self-Government of Slovenes
	National Self-Government of Armenians
	National Self-Government of Bulgarians
	National Self-Government of Greeks
	National Self-Government of Romanians
	Leftist Alliance (ISZOMM–MMP)								New
	Civic Response								New
	Hungarian Liberal Party
	Party of Greens
	True Democratic Party
	Our Party - IMA
	MSZDDSZ
	Independents
Total			100	93		100	106	199	0

Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total			100
Registered voters/turnout		8,215,466^{[lower-alpha 8]}
Source: National Election Commission

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Our Homeland Movement (Mi hazánk) was formed in 2018. In November 2018, three deputies defected from Jobbik and joined Mi hazánk. One later left, leaving the party with two deputies. Within the National Assembly, they are labeled as independents, as the party does not have its own parliamentary group. Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) which merged in Mi hazánk in 2021 won 0.15% in 2018.
↑ Jobbik, MSZP, DK, LMP, Dialogue and Momentum have agreed to run together in an electoral alliance.
↑ Aggregate results for Jobbik (26 seats, 19.1%), MSZP–Dialogue (20 seats, 11.9%), DK (9 seats, 5.4%), LMP (8 seats, 7.1%), and Momentum (0 seats, 3.1%).
↑ Composition:
- MSZP–P group (20)
  - MSZP (15)
  - Dialogue (5)
- Jobbik (17)
- DK (9)
- LMP (6)
↑ As "Common Ground Party"
↑ Constituency votes only; independents cannot run for the party list component.
↑ All deputies who are not members of a parliamentary group are designated as independent. There are officially 13 independent deputies in the National Assembly, of which seven are affiliated with a political party. Their composition is as follows:
- Mi hazánk (2)
- Civil Response (2)
- ReforMers (1)
- Volner Party (1)
- ISZOMM (1)
↑ This number consists of 7,693,857 Hungarians eligible to vote within Hungary, plus 65,480 Hungarians eligible to vote at consulates and embassies abroad, plus 456,129 people eligible to vote by mail abroad.

References

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↑ Közös miniszterelnök-jelöltet állítanak az ellenzéki pártok 2022-re, telex.hu (in Hungarian)
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↑ Electoral system IPU
↑ Nemzeti Választási Iroda National Election Office
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External links

Valasztas

[Mi_haz.C3.A1nk-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Our Homeland Movement (Mi hazánk) was formed in 2018. In November 2018, three deputies defected from Jobbik and joined Mi hazánk. One later left, leaving the party with two deputies. Within the National Assembly, they are labeled as independents, as the party does not have its own parliamentary group. Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) which merged in Mi hazánk in 2021 won 0.15% in 2018.

[alliance-2] Jobbik, MSZP, DK, LMP, Dialogue and Momentum have agreed to run together in an electoral alliance.

[prev-3] Aggregate results for Jobbik (26 seats, 19.1%), MSZP–Dialogue (20 seats, 11.9%), DK (9 seats, 5.4%), LMP (8 seats, 7.1%), and Momentum (0 seats, 3.1%).

[seats-4] Composition:

MSZP–P group (20)

MSZP (15)

Dialogue (5)

Jobbik (17)

DK (9)

LMP (6)

[5] MSZP–P group (20)

MSZP (15)

Dialogue (5)

[6] MSZP (15)

[7] Dialogue (5)

[8] Jobbik (17)

[9] DK (9)

[10] LMP (6)

[20] As "Common Ground Party"

[21] Constituency votes only; independents cannot run for the party list component.

[Independents-22] All deputies who are not members of a parliamentary group are designated as independent. There are officially 13 independent deputies in the National Assembly, of which seven are affiliated with a political party. Their composition is as follows:

Mi hazánk (2)

Civil Response (2)

ReforMers (1)

Volner Party (1)

ISZOMM (1)

[14] Mi hazánk (2)

[15] Civil Response (2)

[16] ReforMers (1)

[17] Volner Party (1)

[18] ISZOMM (1)

[24] This number consists of 7,693,857 Hungarians eligible to vote within Hungary, plus 65,480 Hungarians eligible to vote at consulates and embassies abroad, plus 456,129 people eligible to vote by mail abroad.

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[13] Közös miniszterelnök-jelöltet állítanak az ellenzéki pártok 2022-re, telex.hu (in Hungarian)

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[18] Electoral system IPU

[19] Nemzeti Választási Iroda National Election Office

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v t e Elections and referendums in Hungary
Parliamentary elections	1609 1613 1618 1622 1625 1630 1635 1637 1647 1649 1655 1659 1662 1681 1687 1708 1722 1728 1741 1751 1764 1790 1792 1796 1802 1805 1807 1811 1825 1830 1832 1839 1843 1847 1848 1861 1865 1869 1872 1875 1878 1881 1884 1887 1892 1896 1901 1905 1906 1910 1920 1922 1926 1931 1935 1939 1944 1945 1947 1949 1953 1958 1963 1967 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022
European elections	2004 2009 2014 2019 2024
Local elections	1919 1949 1953 1958 1963 1967 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2019
Referendums	1989 1990 1997 2003 2004 2008 2016 2022
See also: List of Hungarian by-elections

2022 Hungarian parliamentary election

Contents

Background

Amendment of the electoral law

Creation of joint opposition list

Opposition primary

Electoral system

Parties and coalitions

Opinion polls

Results

Turnout

Results by party

Notes

References

External links

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