Guaranty Bank
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Not to be confused with Guaranty Bank and Trust Company (CO), Guaranty Bank (WI), Guaranty Bank (MO), Guaranty Bank (MS), or Guaranty Bank (LA). Guaranty Bank (TX) is the only bank this article concerns.
Guaranty Bank was a major bank based in Austin, which collapsed in 2009.[1]
Formed in 1988[2] and part of Temple-Inland until 2007 when it became a standalone company, Guaranty was the second largest bank in Texas, with 162 branches across Texas and California,[3] and at the time of its failure had $13 billion in assets and held $12 billion in deposits.[1] Major shareholders included billionaire investor Carl Icahn and hotel tycoon Robert Rowling, who jointly invested $600 million in the bank in 2008.[2][4]
Collapse
As a thrift bank, its charter required it to keep 70% of its assets in housing-related investments, leaving it exposed to the 2007 US housing crash[2]
In April 2009, the Office of Thrift Supervision ordered the bank to take a $1.5 billion writedown on the value of the mortgage-backed securities it held. This in turn left the bank with an inadequate Tier 1 capital ratio, with the bank issuing a statement saying that it was likely to be too undercapitalized to continue as a going concern.[5] The bank's share price collapsed from $18.50 to less than 15 cents.[4]
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assumed control of the failed bank August 21, 2009.[1] This was the 10th largest bank failure in US history, and the second largest of the 140 bank collapses of 2009 (behind Colonial Bank).[6]
The FDIC immediately sold the assets of the bank to BBVA Compass, the US-based subsidiary of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA), the second biggest bank in Spain.[1] This was the first deal between the FDIC and an institution bank tied to a foreign bank for almost 20 years.[7] Under the agreement, the FDIC and BBVA Compass shared the losses of the bank, with the costs to the FDIC's Deposit Insurance Fund estimated to be $3 billion.[1][6] Guaranty Bank was absorbed into its new parent company, with its branches being rebranded as BBVA Compass outlets.[8]
References
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