Kagayanen language
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The Kagayanen language is spoken in the province of Palawan in the Philippines.
Sounds
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | g | ʔ | |||
| Fricative | s | (h) | ||||||||
| Approximant (Lateral) |
ð̞ | j | w | |||||||
| l | ||||||||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||||||
[h] occurs only in loan words, proper names, or in words that have [h] in the cognates of neighboring languages.[4] Outside of loanwords, /d/ becomes [r] between vowels.[5]
Comparative and historical evidence suggests that /ð̞/ and /l/ were in complementary distribution before a split occurred with pressure from contact with English, Spanish, and Tagalog.[6]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ə | u |
| Open | a |
/i/ ranges between [i] and [e], except in unstressed syllables (as well as before consonant clusters) where it lowers to [ɪ] or [ɛ].[8] Similarly, /u/ lowers to [ʊ] in unstressed syllables, before consonant clusters, and word-finally. It is otherwise [u].[9]
Notes
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- ↑ Kagayanen at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Olson et al. (2010:206)
- ↑ Olson et al. (2010:206), citing MacGregor (1995:365)
- ↑ Olson et al. (2010:207)
- ↑ Olson et al. (2010:207–209)
- ↑ Olson & Mielke (2007)
- ↑ Olson & Mielke (2007:845)
- ↑ Olson & Mielke (2007:847)
