Kundal Shahi language
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
| Kundal Shahi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Pakistan |
|
Native speakers
|
700 (2005)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | shd |
| Glottolog | kund1257[2] |
Kundal Shahi is an endangered Dardic language of Pakistan. Speakers are shifting to Hindko.
Phonology
The following tables set out the phonology of Kundal Shahi.[3]
Vowels
Kandal Shahi is unusual amongst Dardic languages in that it has front rounded vowels.[3]
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | i iː | y yː | u uː | |
| Close-Mid | e eː | øː | ə | o oː |
| Open-Mid | ɛ ɛː | ʌ | ɔ ɔː | |
| Open | a aː | |||
Consonants
Like Kashmiri, Kundal Shahi is unusual amongst Dardic languages in that it lacks retroflex fricatives and affricates.[3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | (ŋ) | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | k | (q) | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɡ | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | tʃ | ||||||
| aspirated | tʃʰ | |||||||
| voiced | dʒ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | h | ||
| voiced | z | ɣ | ||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||
| Flap | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||
Tone
Kundal Shahi, like many Dardic languages, has either phonemic tone or, as in Kundal Shahi, pitch accent.[4] Words may have only one accented mora, which is associated with high pitch; the remaining mora have a default or low pitch.[3]
References
- ↑ Kundal Shahi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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