The Green Room (film)

The Green Room
File:The Green Room (Chambreverte0.jpg Film poster
Directed by	François Truffaut
Produced by	Marcel Berbert François Truffaut
Written by	Jean Gruault François Truffaut
Based on	"The Altar of the Dead", "The Beast in the Jungle" and "The Way It Came" by Henry James
Starring	François Truffaut Nathalie Baye Jean Dasté
Music by	Maurice Jaubert
Cinematography	Néstor Almendros
Edited by	Martine Barraqué-Curie
Production company	Les Films du Carrosse
Distributed by	United Artists
Release dates	France: April 5, 1978 (1978-04-05) UK: July 10, 1980 (1980-07-10)
Running time	94 minutes
Country	France
Language	French
Budget	₣3 million
Box office	161,293 admissions (France)

The Green Room (French: La chambre verte) is a 1978 French film directed by François Truffaut and based on the Henry James short story, "The Altar of the Dead", in which a man becomes obsessed with the dead people in his life and builds a memorial to them. It is also based on two other short stories by Henry James: "The Beast in the Jungle" and "The Way It Came". It was Truffaut's seventeenth feature film as a director and the third and last of his own films in which he acted in a leading role. It starred Truffaut, Nathalie Baye, Jean Dasté and Patrick Maléon.

Truffaut spent several years working on the film's script and felt a special connection to the theme of honoring and remembering the dead. In the film, he included portraits of people from his own life at the main character's "Altar of the Dead". The Green Room was one of Truffaut's most highly praised films by both critics and colleagues, but also one of his most financially unsuccessful.

Plot

The action takes place ten years after the end of World War I in a small town in France. The protagonist, Julien Davenne, is a war veteran who works as an editor at the newspaper, "The Globe". He specializes in funeral announcements ("a virtuoso of the obituary", as defined by its editor-in- chief) and the thought of death haunts him. Davenne has reserved a room for the worship of his wife, Julie, on the upper floor of the house he shares with his elderly housekeeper, Mrs. Rambaud, and Georges, a deaf-mute boy. His wife had died eleven years prior, at the height of her beauty.

During a thunderstorm a fire destroys the green room, Davenne managing to save only pictures and portraits of his wife. On discovering an abandoned chapel in ruins, at the same cemetery where Julie is buried, Julien decides to consecrate it not only to his wife but to all the cemetery's dead, having reached "that point in life where you know more dead than alive." The place is transformed into a forest of lighted candles, with photos of all the people he treasured in life.

To keep the chapel Davenne calls a young woman, Cecilia, secretary of the auction house which has regained a ring that had belonged to Julie. The friendship between the two seems to evolve when Paul Massigny, a French politician and Davenne's former best friend dies. The film suggests that Massigny once betrayed Davenne but does not say what constituted the betrayal. When Davenne first visits Cecilia at home Davenne discovers that the living room is full of pictures of Massigny and, without asking for explanations, leaves.

At the chapel, Cecilia tells him that she was one of Massigny's many women and still loves him. She requests that Massigny be represented by one of the candles on the altar. After being rebuffed by Davenne, Cecilia breaks off the relationship and he breaks down. He locks away at home, refusing to eat, to see the doctor, or talk. The managing editor of "The Globe", recommends that Cécilia write him a letter. She finally declares her love, knowing he would never reciprocate, "because to be loved by you, I should be dead." Davenne joins her in the chapel, having forgiven Massigny, but he is weakened and falls to the ground and dies. Cécilia completes the work, as she had asked the first time, dedicating one last candle to Julien Davenne.

Cast

• François Truffaut as Julien Davenne
• Nathalie Baye as Cécilia Mandel
• Jean Dasté as Bernard Humbert, editor of The Globe
• Jean-Pierre Ducos as the Priest in the mortuary room
• Monique Dury as Monique, secretary at The Globe
• Jeanne Lobre as Mme Rambaud (as Jane Lobre)
• Jean-Pierre Moulin as Gérard Mazet
• Antoine Vitez as the Bishop's secretary
• Patrick Maléon as Georges
• Laurence Ragon as Julie Davenne
• Marcel Berbert as Dr. Jardine
• Christian Lentretien as the Speaker at the cemetery
• Annie Miller as Genevieve Mazet, the first Mme Mazet
• Marie Jaoul as Yvonne Mazet, the second Mme Mazet
• Guy D'Ablon as the Wax Dummy maker
• Anna Paniez as the little girl playing the piano
• Alphonse Simon as the one-legged man
• Henri Bienvenu as Gustave, the auctioneer
• Thi-Loan Nguyen as the Apprentice Artisan (as Thi-Loan N'Guyen)
• Serge Rousseau as Paul Masigny
• Jean-Claude Gasché as a Police Officer
• Martine Barraqué as a nurse at saleroom
• Josiane Couëdel as a nurse at the cemetery
• Jean-Pierre Kohut-Svelko as the disabled man at saleroom
• Roland Thénot as the disabled man at cemetery
• Nathan Miller as Genevieve Mazet's son
• Carmen Sardá-Cánovas as the woman with the rosary
• Gérard Bougeant as the cemetery's keeper

Production

Background and writing

Truffaut first began work on The Green Room in December 1970 after reading the works of Henry James. Truffaut especially liked "The Altar of the Dead" and asked his friend Aimée Alexandre to translate a new French version for him. Alexandre also recommended works by Anton Chekov and Leo Tolstoy with similar themes, while Truffaut did his own research on James's life and visited his home in Boston. Truffaut worked on other projects until 1974, when a new French version of the short story was published, renewing his interest. He asked screenwriter Jean Gruault to prepare a draft script in July 1974.

For several years Truffaut had become increasingly interested in people from his life who had died, beginning with his mentor and father-figure André Bazin, who had died the day before Truffaut began shooting his first feature, The 400 Blows. Truffaut told a reporter "I'm faithful to the dead, I live with them. I'm forty-five and already surrounded by dead people." In 1977 Truffaut lost two other important father-figures: Cinémathèque Française director Henri Langlois and Roberto Rossellini, whom Truffaut called "the most intelligent man, along with André Bazin". Around this time Truffaut had watched Shoot the Piano Player and noticed that half the actors had since died. In an interview with L'Express magazine Truffaut asked "Why not have the same range of feelings for the dead as for the living, the same aggressive or affectionate relationship?" and added that he wanted to film "what it would be like to show on screen a man who refuses to forget the dead."

Truffaut recommended that Gruault read James's "The Beast in the Jungle" and "The Way It Came", which were also incorporated into the film. Truffaut also wanted to change the setting of the original story to 1920s France with World War I as a major factor in the plot. By spring 1975 Gruault had finished a first draft called La Fiancée disparue (The Vanished Fiancée). Truffaut thought the script was too long and Gruault made cuts. Gruault was becoming dissatisfied working with Truffaut and was also busy writing the script for Alain Resnais's Mon oncle d'Amérique. Truffaut put the entire project on hold and eventually shot Small Change and The Man Who Loved Women. He continued to research the themes of The Green Room, reread Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time and Japanese literature such as the works of Jun'ichirō Tanizaki. He also asked Éric Rohmer for help with the script, but Rohmer was not interested in the project.

In October 1976, Truffaut showed a new draft to Gruault, which now included a deaf-mute child as the main character Julian Davenne's protégé and had Davenne work as an obituary writer in a small Parisian magazine. Gruault finished a new version of the script by February 1977. Truffaut worked on it with his assistant Suzanne Schiffman and completed the final draft in May 1977.

Casting

For the lead role of Julien Davenne, Truffaut first wanted to cast actor Charles Denner, but he was not available. Because of the personal nature of the film and the character of Julien Davenne, Truffaut decided to play the part, stating that "this film is like a handwritten letter. If you write by hand, the letter won't be perfect, the handwriting might be a bit shaky, but it will be you, your handwriting." Despite his strong feeling for the character, Truffaut was hesitant about the role and thought he may be perceived as too old. He had a wig made, but ended up not using it. It was Truffaut's third and last of his own film in which he played a leading role. According to co-star Nathalie Baye, Truffaut almost shut the film down for fear of a bad performance.

Baye was cast as Cécilia after having worked with her in Day for Night and The Man Who Loved Women. Baye later stated that "If Francois asked me to perform with him, it was because he knew I wasn't the kind of actress who caused problems. He could rely on me, which was very reassuring to him." Truffaut filled out the cast with Jean Dasté as Davenne's boss at The Globe, Antoine Vitez as a clergyman, Jean-Pierre Moulin as a widower that Davenne confronts in the film and Patrick Maléon as the deaf-mute child. Truffaut also cast technicians and personnel from his production company in small roles.

When asked about the message of The Green Room, Truffaut said "I am for the woman and against the man. As this century approaches its end, people are becoming more stupid and suicidal, and we must fight against this. The Green Room is not a fable, not a psychological picture. The moral is: One must deal with the living! This man has neglected life. Here we have a breakdown of the idea of survival."

Filming

The Green Room was shot in the fall of 1977 in Honfleur, France with a budget of 3 million francs provided by United Artists. That summer, Truffaut scouted locations and hired his longtime collaborator, Nestor Almendros, as cinematographer. To give the film a Gothic look, Almendros used candle light as both source and practical lighting, with electrical lights used to fill in the shadows. Almendros later said that, despite the film's somber tone, "this film was put together with joy, and the shooting was the most pleasant" of his career. Many of the scenes were shot in the four-story Maison Troublet in Honfleur, including its large auction room and rooms depicting Davenne's residence. Other locations included the Caen cemetery and the Carbec Chapel in Saint-Pierre-du-Val. The chapel was used for Davenne's shrine to the dead. Among the portraits included in the shrine are Henry James, Oscar Wilde, an old man who played a small role in Truffaut's Two English Girls, actor Oskar Werner in a World War I uniform, Jacques Audiberti, Jean Cocteau, Raymond Queneau, Jeanne Moreau and her sister Michelle Moreau, Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, Aimée Alexandre, Oscar Lewenstein, Marcel Proust, Guillaume Apollinaire and Sergei Prokofiev.

Filming began on October 11, 1977 and lasted until November 27, 1977. The atmosphere on the set was especially fun and Nathalie Baye revealed that she and Truffaut often had laughing fits during takes, though she found it difficult to work with Truffaut as a director since he was focused on his own performance, and his stoic performance effected her ability to convey the emotions in scenes as she would have preferred.

Music

Truffaut chose pre-recorded music from composer Maurice Jaubert's 1936 "Concert Flamand" and played it on set in order to create a rhythm and establish a religious, ritualistic atmosphere for the cast and crew. Filmmaker François Porcile later said "It's not surprising to find, in the sudden explosive tension and somber conviction of his acting, a direct echo of Jaubert's style, with its gathering momentum and sudden restraint, its reticence and violence." Davenne says that "I realized that his music, full of clarity and sunlight, was the best to accompany the memory of all these dead."

Reception

Truffaut completed the editing of The Green Room in March 1978 and showed it to his trusted friends and co-workers, who immediately praised the film and called it one of his best films. Isabelle Adjani told him that "Of all your films it is the one that most moved me and spoke to me, along with Two English Girls. I felt good crying in your presence." Alain Delon told Truffaut that "The Green Room, along with Clément, Visconti and very few others, is part of my secret garden." Éric Rohmer told him that "I found your film deeply moving. I found you deeply moving in your film." Antoine Vitez told Truffaut "I haven't yet told you the emotion I felt on seeing The Green Room. What I see in it, deep down, is kindness, and that's what touches me most. Thank you for having included me in it."

The Green Room was both Truffaut's worst financial failure and one of his most critically praised films, though one major French film critic, François Chalais of Le Figaro, disliked the film. Pascal Bonitzer called it "his ... most profound, and without much exaggeration, one of the most beautiful French films of recent years," and that "it is not for nothing that Truffaut embodies his character, and that in the latter, Julien Davenne, the author and the actor are entwined in the tightest possible way...rarely does a filmmaker involve himself to that point - involving his body (and note all the ambiguity of the word in the context of this funeral film) and even his dead; mixing together Julien Davenne's dead with those of François Truffaut in the flaming chapel where the film comes to an end." Joel Magny called Julien Davenne the ultimate "truffaldian" hero, "unable to live the present moment in the fullness of his being, where he is...in a perpetual time-lag with reality." The French magazine Télérama called Davenne "l'homme qui aimait les flammes" ("the man who loves the flames"). Jean-Louis Bory of Le Nouvel Observateur said that "In its simple and pure line, it resembles a cinematic testament. There will be other Truffaut films, but none that will ever be more intimate, more personal, more wrenching than this Green Room, altar of the dead."

The Green Room was released on April 5, 1978 and was a financial failure, selling slightly more than 30,000 tickets ( it has sold 161,293 admissions total as of 2015) Truffaut knew that a film about death would be difficult to market or attract an audience, but felt strongly that "this kind of theme can touch a deep chord in many people. Everyone has their dead." Truffaut took a personal interest in promoting the film and hired press agent, Simon Misrahi. A few days before the film's premiere, Truffaut completely changed his approach, putting more emphasis on his own track record as a filmmaker and the presence of rising star, Nathalie Baye. In a television appearance to promote the film, Truffaut showed two clips from the film that had nothing to do with the dead. Truffaut was extremely upset by the film's financial failure and referred to it as "The Empty Room". He publicly stated that he would not act again for at least ten years and regretted not casting Charles Denner in the lead role. Truffaut later blamed United Artists for not promoting the film properly, which led to his breaking from the US company for the first time in over ten years.

Truffaut premiered The Green Room in the US at the 1978 New York Film Festival. Vincent Canby of the New York Times gave the film a mixed review and criticized Truffaut's performance, saying that "Truffaut does not make it easy for us to respond to Davenne". Canby goes on to call the film " a most demanding, original work and one must meet it on its own terms, without expectations of casual pleasures." Dave Kehr of the Chicago Reader said that the film "dead-ends in sheer neurosis" while praising the cinematography. A negative review from Time Out blamed the film's "failure" on "Truffaut's lack of range as an actor [which] is not helped by the script's purple prose."

References

Citations

Further reading

External links

• The Green Room at IMDb
• The Green Room at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Green Room at the TCM Movie Database