Lambert Barnard

Panel painting by Lambert Barnard for Chichester Cathedral; depicts the event in 686 when King Caedwalla issued a charter confirming the rights and territories previously given to Wilfrid by King Aethelwealh and the estate of the Hundred of Pagham. Note: the man in white looking over the left shoulder of the king is believed to be a self-portrait of Barnard

Lambert Barnard, also Lambert Bernardi (c.1485–1567) was an English Renaissance painter.

Origins and Style

Barnard's place of birth is not known, but he is now believed to be of English origin. All his extant works are to be found in and around Chichester. His long-lived son Anthony Barnard (1513- 1619), grandson, Lambert, and two further generations of painter-stainers also named Lambert, followed him in the city.

Barnard worked in dry fresco and with oil on board his style being characterised by a use of rich colours, heavy black outline and lavish gilding. His work has often suffered from later heavy over-painting that has obscured the delicacy of his hand, but it is still possible to see he had a knowledge of contemporary European practice hinting that he might have served an apprenticeship with a Franco/Flemish workshop before, c.1513, entering the service of Robert Sherborn bishop of Chichester 1508-1536. Barnard maintained a small workshop with an apprentice boy John Foster and son Anthony Barnard may also have worked alongside his father in the cathedral on his last commission. Records indicate that in 1533, at Bishop Sherborn's request, the Dean and Chapter of Chichester Cathedral granted Barnard an annual payment in recognition of "his long and good service". Following the bishop's death in 1536 Barnard remained in his tenement in East Street, Chichester living on his annuity and occasionally updating his work on the portraits of kings and bishops and making repairs to other works in the cathedral.

Works

File:Boxgrove nave.jpg

Thomas West commissioned Lambert Barnard, to paint the ceiling of the nave, of Boxgrove Priory, with the arms and crests of his own and his wife's families, entwined with flowers and foliage.

Over the next twenty years in collaboration with the bishop, Barnard executed several works, the foliage and heraldry themed vaults of Chichester Cathedral (from c.1513); a domestic wall painting in the Vicar's Close in Chichester; a series of The Nine Ladies Worthy, or Heroines of Antiquity referred to as The Amberley Panels (c. 1526) for one of the bishop's residences, Amberley Castle; the Italianate heraldic ceiling of the Tudor Room of the Bishop's Palace in Chichester (c.1524-1528) and his most important work, The Chichester Cathedral Charter Paintings(1533). This latter is a large scheme originally displayed in the South Transept of Chichester Cathedral and depicts its early foundation at Selsey The South Saxon King Caedwalla Granting the See of Selsey to St Wilfrid and secondly, its continuation at Chichester Henry VIII Confirming to Bishop Sherborn the Royal Protection of Chichester Cathedral. These two conjoined panels are framed above an attached series of roundels of portrait heads of the early Kings and Queens of England and hang in the South Transept. Following the collapse of the cathedral spire in 1861 the rest of the scheme, a Catalogus Episcopi, painted roundels of the Bishops of Selsey and Chichester, was moved to the North Transept. In its entirety it also offers a commentary on the historic authority of the Roman Catholic Church in England and the political events leading up to the changes of the Reformation. The recent dating of this scheme at 1533 makes it an original statement hugely important to the history of English art.

Other Works

Barnard appears to have spent his working life within Chichester and its immediate area, but around 1532 he was employed by Sherborn's colleague and executor Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr, to decorate the vaults of nearby Boxgrove Priory with West's family heraldry; he may also have been the 'Mr Barnard' responsible in 1545 for supplying a now lost altarpiece of the Conception for the high altar of St Margaret's Church, Westminster. There is nothing in his style to indicate, as has been suggested, that he was the author of eight of the miniatures of John Lydgates' Troy Book and Siege of Troy, British Library Royal MS 8 D II.

As English paintings of the early sixteenth century, produced outside the ambience of the royal court, Lambert Barnard's work is a very rare survival and should be seen as an important indicator of English regional painting at that time.

Bibliography

• Chavasse, Ruth, ‘The Bishop’s Portrait Medallions in their Renaissance and Reformation Context: A Note on Episcopal Authority as Interpreted by Bishop Sherborn and Lambert Barnard’, Paul Foster and Rachel Moriarty (eds), Chichester—The Palace and its Bishops, Otter Memorial Paper 27 (University of Chichester, 2011), pp. 159– 166
• Clarkson, Rev. George Arthur, ‘Notes on Amberley, its Castle, Church etc.’, Sussex Archaeological Collections, Vol. 17 (Lewes, Sussex Archaeological Society, 1865), pp. 185–239
• Clarkson, Rev. George Arthur, ‘A Series of Paintings in Amberley Castle’, Archaeological Journal, 22 (London, 1865), pp. 65–68
• Coke, Karen, 'The Amberley Castle Panels and a Drawing by William Henry Brooke', Sussex Archaeological Collections , Vol. 145, (Lewes, Sussex Archaeological Society, 2007), pp. 137–52
• Coke, Karen, ‘Bishop Robert Sherburne and Lambert Barnard: an English response to Italian pictorial practice?’, Paul Foster and Rachel Moriarty (eds), Chichester—The Palace and its Bishops, Otter Memorial Paper 27 (University of Chichester, 2011), pp. 146–158
• Coke, Karen, ‘Lambert Barnard Bishop Sherborn’s ‘Paynter’, in (eds) M. Dimmock, A. Hadfield and P. Quinn, Art, Literature and Religion in Early Modern Sussex : Culture and Conflict (Farnham, Ashgate Publishing, 2014), pp. 61–94
• Coke, Karen, Lambert Barnard, Chichester’s Tudor Painter (Chichester, Dean And Chapter of Chichester Cathedral, 2014)
• Croft-Murray, Edward, ‘Lambert Barnard: An English Early Renaissance Painter', Archaeological Journal, Vol. 113, (1957), pp. 108-125
• Croft-Murray, Edward, Decorative Painting in England 1537-1837, Vol. I (Country Life 1962), pp. 153-155
• Foster, Paul, ‘The Tudor Room Heraldic Ceiling’, Paul Foster and Rachel Moriarty (eds), Chichester—The Palace and its Bishops, Otter Memorial Paper 27 (University of Chichester, 2011), pp. 78–83
• Planché, J. R., ‘The Nine Worthies of the World: An Illustration of the Paintings in Amberley Castle’, Journal of the British Archaeological Association (1864), pp. 315–324
• Steer, Francis W., The Heraldic Ceiling at the Bishop’s Palace, Chichester, Chichester Papers No. 10 (Chichester City Council, 1958)
• Steer, Francis W., Robert Sherburne Bishop of Chichester: Some Aspects of his Life Reconsidered, Chichester Papers No. 16 (Chichester City Council, 1960)
• Tudor-Craig, Pamela, ‘Iconography of the Painting’ in Martin Biddle, King Arthur’s Round Table (The Boydell Press, 2000), pp. 285–333
• Tittler, Robert 'Lambert Barnard', Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2011)
• Woolfson, Jonathan and Lush, Deborah, 'Lambert Barnard in Chichester Cathedral: Ecclesiastical Politics and the Tudor Royal Image', Antiquaries Journal, Vol. 87 (London, Society of Antiquaries, 2007), pp. 259–281

References

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