List of transport megaprojects

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This is a list of transport megaprojects. Care should be taken in comparing the cost of projects from different times, even a few years apart due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading.

The size and scope of projects varies considerably; some projects are made up of a package of different infrastructure projects, while others may be single part of a larger network.

In order to limit the size and scope of this list, recent infrastructure that cost less than $1 billion is not listed; this is a common definition of a megaproject. However, historically significant projects may be listed. See also list of megaprojects.

Completed projects

Project Description Location Approximate cost (in billions USD) Start of construction Year of completion Image Notes
Red Line (Los Angeles Metro) Subway line Los Angeles, USA 4.5[1] 1986 2000 Ansaldobreda A650.jpg
Colorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion) Highway & light rail upgrade Denver, Colorado 1.7[2] 2001 2006 200px
Caracas-La Guaira highway Highway Greater Caracas, Venezuela 0.06[3][4] 1950 1953 Tunelífico... (3097155570).jpg
Copenhagen metro phase 1-3 metro system Copenhagen, Denmark 1.47[5] 1996 2007 200px 11,400,000,000 DKK
Jubilee Line Extension metro line London, United Kingdom 6.83 (2010USD)[6] 1993 1999 200px 3.5 billion GBP
Saint Lawrence Seaway canal system St Lawrence River and North American Great Lakes 0.470[7] 1954 1959 Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway map 1959.png
Panama Canal canal Panama 0.375[8] 1881 1914 Panama Canal Map EN.png
Suez Canal canal Sinai Peninsula, Egypt 0.082[9] 1859 1869 USS America (CV-66) in the Suez canal 1981.jpg
Interstate Highway System network of limited-access roadways United States 114[10] 1956 1992[11][12] Map of current Interstates.svg 425 billion in 2006 dollars[13]
Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project 17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku Japan 48 [14] 1999 Map of Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project.svg 4 trillion Yen
Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway High-speed rail Eastern China, PRC (Beijing to Shanghai, via Tianjin and Nanjing) 33.1 [15] 2008 2011 Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Beijing–Shanghai Railway.jpg (RMB 220.9bn)
"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project Road tunnel Boston, Massachusetts, United States 22 [16] 1991 2007 200px
Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway High-speed rail China 18.5 [17] 2005 2009 200px (RMB 116.6bn)
Toei Ōedo Line Rapid Transit Tokyo, Japan 18.4 [18] 2000 Toei-tsukishima-platform.jpg (¥1.400 billion)
Channel Tunnel Subsea railway tunnel Strait of Dover, English Channel 15.4[19] 1988 1994 Course Channeltunnel en.svg (GBP9.5bn)
Adler–Krasnaya Polyana road and railway Freeway and railway Russia 9.4 [20] 2014
Milan–Bologna high-speed railway High-speed rail Italy 9.1 2008 Frecciarossa.JPG (€6.9 billion)
Egnatia Odos Freeway Northern Greece 8.4 [21] 1994 2009 GR-A2 course.png (€5.9bn)
High Speed 1 High-speed rail Southeast England, UK 8.4 [22] 2007 KingsCrossDevelopmentModel.jpg (GBP5.2bn)
Bologna–Florence high-speed railway High-speed rail Italy 6.9 2009 (€5.2 billion)
Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge Road bridge San Francisco, California 6.4 2002 2013 ProposedSFOBBEasternSpanRecrop.jpg
Øresund Bridge Rail/road bridge/tunnel Denmark-Sweden 5.7 [23] 1995 1999 Oresund Bridge narrow.JPG (DKK30.1bn)
Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge Road bridge Kobe, Japan 5 [24] 1988 1998 Akashi Bridge.JPG
Lötschberg Base Tunnel Railway tunnel Swiss Alps, Switzerland 4.6 1999 2007 (CHF 4.3 billion)
Marina Coastal Expressway Highway Singapore 3.4 [25][26] 2008 2013[27] (S$4.3 bn)
Bar-Boljare highway Highway Montenegro 3.7 [28][29] (2.77 billion €)
Clem Jones Tunnel Road tunnel Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 3.4 [30] 2006 2010 Brisbane ST 03.jpg (AUD3.2bn)
Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway High-speed rail Beijing, China[31] 3.2 2005 2008 Beijng-Tianjin ligne TGV viaduc IMG 4433.JPG (RMB 20.42bn)
Marmaray Tunnel Subsea railway tunnel Istanbul, Turkey 3 2004 2013
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Budapest Metro Line 4 Rapid Transit line Budapest, Hungary 2.1 [32][33] 2004 2014 Budapest metro 4 construction 03.jpg (HUF 452bn)
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge bridge Shangdong, China 1.5 [34] 2007 2011 The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.jpg
Freeway Durango-Mazatlán and Baluarte Bridge Freeway and road bridge Durango-Sinaloa, Mexico 1.46 [35][36] 2008 2012 Puente Baluarte 03.jpg
Incheon Bridge bridge South Korea 1.4 2005 2009 Incheon bridge (12).jpg (KRW 1.25tn)
Shanghai Maglev Train Maglev Shanghai, China 1.33 2001 2004 Maglev june2005.jpg (RMB 10bn)
Vasco da Gama Bridge Road bridge Lisbon, Portugal 1.3 [37] 1995 1998 Vasco da Gama Bridge aerial view.jpg (€897m / 180bn PTE)
Blanka tunnel complex Road tunnel Prague, Czech Republic 1.75 [38] 2006 2015 200px

Under construction

Project Description Location Approximate cost (in billions of USD) Construction start year Projected year of completion Image Notes
California High-Speed Rail

(under construction)

 Railway California 70[39] 2015 2030
China Pakistan Economic Corridor

(under construction)

 Economic corridor Gwadar, Pakistan to Kashgar, China 46 2015 2020 (expected) ChinaPakistanEconomicCorridor.png
Barcelona Metro line 9

(under construction)

 Rapid transit line Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 26.3 [40][41] 2009 2020 (expected) L10 051.JPG (€19bn)
Crossrail

(under construction)

 Commuter railway South East England, United Kingdom 25.8 [42] 2009 2018 (expected) Ada-panorama-2.jpg (GBP15.9bn)
Second Avenue Subway

(under construction)

 Rapid transit line New York City, New York, United States 17 [43] 2007 2016 (expected) 200px
Klang Valley MRT Line 1 (Under Construction) Rapid Transit Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 11.7 [44] 2012 2017 (expected) (MYR36B)
Orange Line (Lahore Metro) (Under Construction) Rapid Transit Lahore, Pakistan 1.6 2015 2018 (expected)
Karachi-Lahore Motorway

(under construction)

 Motorway Pakistan 11.5 2015 2018 (expected) Pakistani motorway.jpg
Gotthard Base Tunnel

(under construction)

 Railway tunnel Swiss Alps, Switzerland 10.6 [45] 1996 2016 (expected) GBT MFS Faido TV-WS.jpg (CHF 9.74 billion)
Thameslink Programme

(under construction)

 Commuter rail upgrade Southeast England, UK 8.9-9.7 [46] 2009 2018 (expected) (GBP5.5-6.0bn)
NHDP

(under construction, partially completed)

 Highway upgrade India 71 [47] 2000 Ongoing-Completion date unknown
NH 47 between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu,India.
 (INR 4.5 trillion)
Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong Section

(under construction)

 High-speed rail Guangdong, China—Hong Kong 8.6 [48] 2010 2016 (expected) GZ-SZ-HK High Speed Railway HK Section alignment map.png
Fastracks Light Rail, Commuter Rail Denver, Colorado 6.5 [49] 2006 2016 (expected)
File:FasTracks-Progress-Map-7.1.14Large.jpg
Highway 407 East Extenstion Project

(under construction)

 Motorway Durham Region, Ontario, Canada 1.2 [50] 2013 2020
A bridge under construction along Highway 7 west of Brooklin in 2012; this was the first project along the new extension.
 
 Project includes 2 new freeways such as Highway 412 and Highway 418.
Eglinton Crosstown Light rapid transit line Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5.230[51] 2010 2020-23 (expected) TTC subway map 2023.svg
Looking down on the opening of the TBM, 2013 04 09 -aa--al.jpg		 (Includes budgeted escalated costs of C$6.638 billion for 19-km line with a 10-km underground portion; up to 25 stations and stops; connections to 54 bus routes, three subway stations, various commuter rail lines, and storage facility; and vehicles. Currency conversion rate at March 31, 2015.)
Noord/Zuidlijn Rapid transit line Amsterdam, Netherlands 4.4 [52] 2002 2017 (expected)
The beginning of the bored tunnels under the Damrak, 2011
 (€3.1bn)
World Trade Center Transportation Hub Transit center and retail New York City, New York, USA 3.9 [53] 2006 Mid 2016[54]
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel Road Tunnel Seattle, Washington, United States 3.1 [55] early 2018[56]
Scarborough Subway Extension Subway extension Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2.805[57] 2018 (expected) 2023 (expected) TTC subway map 2023.svg (Includes budgeted escalated costs of C$3.56 billion for 7.6-km, three-station extension of the Bloor-Danforth line (Line 2) in Scarborough, operated by the TTC, replacing the Scarborough RT intermediate rail line. Project approved and construction expected to commence in 2018. Currency conversion rate at March 31, 2015.)
Ohio River Bridges Project Road bridges and interchange reconfiguration Louisville metropolitan area, Kentucky and Indiana, USA 2.3[58] 2014 2024 (expected)
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge bridge Istanbul, Turkey 2 [59] 2016 Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge p8 Jan 2014.JPG (Turkish lira symbol 8x10px.png 4.5 billion)
Ionia Odos Freeway Western Greece 1.8 [60] 2016 GR-A5 course.png (1.4 bn€)
Tehran-Shomal Freeway, 121 km Freeway Tehran and Mazandaran Province, Iran 1.7 [61] 2017 Tehran-Shomal.png (HUF 452bn)

Airport projects

Airport Location IATA Code Passengers (total) Year completed Cost (in US Dollars)
Istanbul New Airport Istanbul, Turkey N/A 150,000,000[62] 2017 (expected) 29 billion[63]
New Mexico City International Airport Mexico City, Mexico MEX 120,000,000 2020 (expected) Fase I 13 billion
King Abdulaziz International Airport Jeddah, Saudi Arabia JED 18,000,000 1981 7.2 billion[64]
Abu Dhabi International Airport Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates AUH 9,700,000 6.8 billion
Al Maktoum International Airport Jebel Ali, UAE DWC 2010 32 billion
New Islamabad International Airport Islamabad, Pakistan IBD 2016 (expected) 3.91 billion
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Amsterdam, Netherlands AMS 43,570,370
Athens International Airport Athens, Greece ATH 16,225,885 } 2001 3 billion
Bandung Majalengka International Airport Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia N/A 15 billion
Barcelona International Airport Barcelona, Spain BCN 29,209,595 4 billion
Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport Berlin, Germany BER 2018 (expected) 4 billion
Clark International Airport Angeles City, Philippines CRK 10 billion
Ciudad Real Central Airport Ciudad Real, Spain CQM none, closed
after a few years		 Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". billion
Denver International Airport Denver, Colorado, United States DEN 50,167,485 1995 4.8 billion
Changi Airport Terminal 3 Singapore SIN 22,000,000 2008 1.4 billion[65]
Changi Airport Terminal 4 Singapore SIN 2017 (expected) 1 billion[66]
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Guangzhou, China CAN 37,048,712 2004 3 billion
Hong Kong International Airport Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong HKG 45,558,807 1998 20 billion[67]
Incheon International Airport Incheon, South Korea ICN 28,677,161 2001 Phase 1 – 5 billion

Phase 2 – 2.6 billion
Kansai International Airport Japan KIX 13,516,000 1994 20 billion
King Shaka International Airport Durban, South Africa DUR 7,500,000 2010 1 billion
Kuala Lumpur International Airport Malaysia KUL 39,887,866 1998 3.5 billion
Kuala Namu International Airport Medan, Indonesia KNO 2013 4.4 billion[68]
Long Thanh International Airport Vietnam N/A 2020 (expected) 10 billion
Manila-Sangley International Airport Cavite City, Philippines RPLL (Future) 25 billion
Navi Mumbai International Airport India N/A 2019 (expected) 2 billion
New Chennai International Airport India N/A 1 billion
New Gwadar International Airport Pakistan N/A 1 billion
Newark Liberty International Airport Newark, New Jersey, United States EWR 33,399,207
New Lisbon Airport Lisbon, Portugal N/A 2017 (expected) 4.5 billion
Suvarnabhumi Airport Bangkok, Thailand BKK 40,500,224 2006 3.8 billion
Kansai Airport 
LAX 
John F. Kennedy Airport 
Hartsfield-Jackson Airport, the busiest in the world. 
Heathrow Airport, London 
Dublin Airport 
O'Hare Airport 
Denver International Airport 
Terminal 3 at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport 

References

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  18. ↑ 都営12号線（大江戸線）環状部事業の評価（総括表）, Toei
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  38. ↑ Blanka tunnel complex
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  40. ↑ http://www.gencat.cat/generalitat/eng/govern/infocatalunya/20_infocat/04.htm
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