Mallotus japonicus
| Mallotus japonicus | |
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| File:Mallotus japonicus6.jpg | |
| Mallotus japonicus leaves and fruits | |
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M. japonicus
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| Binomial name | |
| Mallotus japonicus |
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Croton japonicus L.f. |
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Mallotus japonicus, the food wrapper plant or Akamegashiwa in Japanese, is a plant species in the genus Mallotus native to China. It is also found in Japan and Korea.
The plant is dioecious. The young shoots are red-coloured.
The larvae of the moth Deoptilia heptadeta mine the leaves to feed.
Uses
The large leaves were used to wrap food. The young leaves, when boiled, are edible.
The bark is used in the Japanese pharmacopoeia as a decoction against gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric hyperacidity. In addition, the fruit has anthelmintic properties.
Ecology
M. japonicus shows physical, chemical, and biotic resistance traits against herbivores.[1] Trichomes, which are produced on leaf surfaces, serve as a physical resistance trait. Pellucid dots, which also are present on leaf surfaces, typically contain toxic metabolic substances or essential oils and function as a chemical resistance trait. Furthermore, the plant bears extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on its leaf edges and food bodies (pearl bodies) on its leaf and stem surfaces as biotic resistance traits. EFNs contain primary sugars, and food bodies are known as lipid-rich particles. These biotic traits attract ants, which remove herbivores from the plant. The plant can change its combination of defence traits in response to leaf age and abiotic habitat conditions,.[1][2]
Chemistry
M. japonicus contains bergenin.[3] The pericarp contains mallotophenone, mallotochromene[4] mallophenone, mallotojaponin, isomallotochromene and mallotochroman.[5] The bark contains 11-O-galloylbergenin, 4-O-galloylbergenin and 11-O-galloyldemethylbergenin.[6] The bark also contains the hydrolyzable tannins 1,2-di-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-D-glucose, 1-O-digalloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-D-glucose, 1-O-galloyl-2,4-elaeocarpusinoyl-3,6-(R)-valoneayl-beta-D-glucose (mallojaponin) and 1-O-galloyl-2,4-elaeocarpusinoyl-beta-D-glucose (mallonin) and mallotusinin.[7]
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Mallotus japonicus SZ79.png
Mallotus japonicus. Plate from book Flora Japonica, Sectio Prima (Tafelband), 1870, by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini
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Mallotus japonicus1.jpg
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Mallotus japonicus.jpg
Young shoot
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Mallotus japonicus female flowers.JPG
Female flowers
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Mallotus japonicus male flowers.JPG
Male flowers
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Mallotus japonicus3.jpg
Bark
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Studies on Cytotoxic Constituents in Pericarps of Mallotus japonicus, Part I. Munehisa Arisawa, Akio Fujita, Rieko Suzuki, Toshimitsu Hayashi, Naokata Morita, Nobusuke Kawano and Saburo Koshimura, J. Nat. Prod., 1985, volume 48, issue 3, pages 455–459, doi:10.1021/np50039a014
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
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