Nonverbal learning disorder

Considered to be neurologically based, nonverbal learning disorder, otherwise known as nonverbal learning disability (NLD or NVLD), is characterized by verbal strengths as well as visual-spatial, motor and social skills difficulties. People with this disorder may not at times comprehend nonverbal cues such as facial expression or tone of voice. Challenges with mathematics and handwriting are typical.

Labels for specific associated issues include visual-spatial processing deficit, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, as well as dyspraxia. Assorted diagnoses have been discussed as sharing symptoms with NLD---these conditions include Right hemisphere brain damage and Developmental Right Hemisphere Syndrome, Developmental Coordination Disorder, Social-Emotional Processing Disorder, Asperger's Syndrome, Gerstmann syndrome and others.

While "nonverbal" impairments were recognized since early studies in child neurology, there is on-going debate as to whether/or the extent to which existing conceptions of NLD provide a valid diagnostic framework. As originally presented "disorders of nonverbal learning" was a category encompassing primarily non-linguistic learning problems (Johnson and Myklebust, 1967). "Nonverbal learning disabilities" were first discussed by Myklebust in 1975 as representing a type of learning disability with a range of presentations involving "mainly visual cognitive processing," social imperception, a gap between higher verbal ability and lower performance IQ, as well as poor hand writing. Later neuropsychologist Byron Rourke sought to define NLD syndrome employing a specific theory and model of brain functioning (1989). Questions remain about how best to frame the perceptual, cognitive and motor issues associated with NLD.

The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) and ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) do not include NLD as a diagnosis.

External links

• Understood.org—National Center for Learning Disabilities
• LDA Learning Disabilities Association of America
• NLD on the Web!
• NLDline
• LD OnLine

Videos

• What Is Nonverbal Learning Disability?—The National Center for Learning Disabilities
• Asperger's Syndrome vs. Nonverbal LD: The Same or Different?—The National Center for Learning Disabilities
• Understanding Nonverbal Learning Disorder—A introduction and developmental overview of Nonverbal Learning Disorder (NVLD or NLD) by psychologists Jessica Broitman, Ph.D and Jack Davis, Ph.D, and learning specialist, Kitty Lindow, M.Ed. (NVLD)

Books

Johnson, Doris J., and Helmer R. Myklebust. Learning Disabilities; Educational Principles and Practices. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1967. Print.https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7402255W/Learning_disabilities_educational_principles_and_practices

Rourke, Byron P. Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: The Syndrome and the Model. New York: Guilford, 1989. Print.https://openlibrary.org/works/OL3451841W/Nonverbal_learning_disabilities

Thompson, Sue. The Source for Nonverbal Learning Disorders. East Moline, IL: LinguiSystems, 1997. Print. https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0760601631

Palombo, Joseph. Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: A Clinical Perspective. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. Print. http://www.amazon.com/Nonverbal-Learning-Disabilities-Clinical-Perspective/dp/0393704785/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8

Broitman, Jessica, and John M. Davis. Treating NVLD in Children Professional Collaborations for Positive Outcomes. New York: Springer, 2013. Print.

• https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1461461790

Davis, John M., and Jessica Broitman. Nonverbal Learning Disabilities in Children: Bridging the Gap between Science and Practice. New York, NY: Springer, 2011. Print.

• https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1441982132

By Authors with NLD

Murphy, Michael Brian, and Gail R. Shapiro. Nld from the Inside Out: Talking to Parents, Teachers, and Teens about Growing Up with Nonverbal Learning Disabilities. N.p.: Booklocker.com, Incorporated, 2008. Print.

• https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1601455704

Fast, Yvona. "Employment for Individuals with Asperger Syndrome or Non-Verbal Learning Disability: Stories and Strategies 1st Edition." Amazon.com: Employment for Individuals with Asperger Syndrome or Non-Verbal Learning Disability: Stories and Strategies (9781843107668): Yvona Fast: Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

• https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1846420156

Flom, Peter. Screwed up Somehow but Not Stupid, Life with a Learning Disability. N.p.: Peter Flom Consulting, 2016. Print.

• http://www.amazon.com/Screwed-somehow-stupid-learning-disability/dp/069261169X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1452460846&sr=1-1