1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections

1830 and 1831 U.S. House of Representatives elections
All 213 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives; 107 seats needed for a majority
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Speaker before election; Andrew Stevenson; Jacksonian	Elected Speaker; Andrew Stevenson; Jacksonian

In the United States House of Representatives elections of 1830 the supporters of President Andrew Jackson lost ten seats during his first term, but managed to maintain control of the chamber amidst the growth of two new opposition movements.

The brash style of Congress during the administration of Andrew Jackson caused a number of Americans to become dissatisfied with the government and both of the major parties. Anger over the Tariff of 1828 also provided a major issue, particularly in the agricultural South. The Jacksonians remained firmly in control of the House, but lost several seats, as did the minority Anti-Jacksonians. The Anti-Masonic Party, an aspiring third party which was based on a single issue (distrust of Freemasonry), was actually able to gain a dozen seats, and four South Carolina Congressman who called themselves Nullifiers (based on the principle of states' rights) were also elected. Thus, this was the first election in the House where both major parties lost seats at the same time; this would not occur again until the 1854 elections.

Election summaries

Not including special elections.

↓
66	17	style="background:Template:Jacksonian Party/meta/color; width:59.2%" \| 126	4
Anti-Jacksonian	AM	Jacksonian	N

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Anti-Jacksonian		Anti-Masonic		Jacksonian		Nullifier
State	Type	Date	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Louisiana	Districts	July 5–7, 1830	3	2		0		1		0
Mississippi	At-large	August 2–3, 1830	1	0		0		1		0
Vermont	Districts	September 6, 1830^{[lower-alpha 2]}	5	3	1	2	1	0		0
Maine	Districts	September 13, 1830	7	1	2	0		6	2	0
Georgia	At-large	October 4, 1830	7	0		0		7		0
Ohio	Districts	October 12, 1830	14	8	2	0		6	2	0
Pennsylvania	Districts	October 12, 1830	26	2	1	7	6	17	7	0
South Carolina	Districts	October 11–12, 1830	9	0		0		5	4	4	4
Massachusetts	Districts	November 1, 1830	13	13		0		0		0
New York	Districts	November 1–3, 1830	34	3	8	8	5	23	3	0
New Jersey	At-large	November 6, 1830	6	6		0		0		0
Delaware	At-large	November 13, 1830	1	1		0		0		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1831 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	At-large	March 8, 1831	6	0		0		6		0
Connecticut	At-large	April 14, 1831	6	6		0		0		0
Virginia	Districts	April 1831	22	5	1	0		17	1	0
Alabama	Districts	August 1, 1831	3	0		0		3		0
Illinois	At-large	August 1, 1831	1	0		0		1		0
Kentucky	Districts	August 1, 1831	12	4	2	0		8	2	0
Missouri	At-large	August 2, 1831	1	0		0		1		0
Indiana	Districts	August 5, 1831	3	0	2	0		3	2	0
Tennessee	Districts	August 4–5, 1831	9	1		0		8		0
North Carolina	Districts	August 11, 1831	13	2	1	0		11	1	0
Rhode Island	At-large	August 23, 1831	2	2		0		0		0
Maryland	Districts	October 3, 1831	9	5	2	0		4	2	0
Total			213	66 31.0%	6	17 8.0%	12	126 59.2%	10	4 1.9%	4

House seats

Jacksonian			59.15%
Anti-Jacksonian			30.99%
Anti-Masonic			7.98%
Nullifier			1.88%

Special elections

21st Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maine 5	James W. Ripley	Jacksonian	1826 (Special)	Incumbent resigned March 12, 1830. New member elected September 13, 1830. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 6, 1830.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Cornelius Holland (Jacksonian) 55.70% Reuel Washburn (Anti-Jacksonian) 43.14% Scattering 1.16%^[1]
Ohio 11	John M. Goodenow	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent resigned April 9, 1830, after being appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio. New member elected October 11, 1830. Winner was elected the next day to the next term, see below. Successor seated December 6, 1830.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Humphrey H. Leavitt (Jacksonian) 51.20% Samuel S. Stokely (Anti-Jacksonian) 48.80%^[2]
Virginia 22	Alexander Smyth	Jacksonian	1817 1828 (Retired) 1827	Incumbent died April 17, 1830. New member elected November 1830. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 6, 1830. Winner was later elected to the next term, see below.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Joseph Draper (Jacksonian) 46.34% Charles C. Johnston (Independent) 32.37% John N. Humes (Independent) 15.35% F. Smith (Independent) 5.95%^[3]
New York 6	Hector Craig	Jacksonian	1822 1824 (Lost) 1828	Incumbent resigned July 12, 1830. New member elected November 3, 1830. Anti-Jacksonian gain. Successor seated December 6, 1830.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Samuel W. Eager (Anti-Jacksonian) 50.71% Theodore Fisk (Jacksonian) 49.29%^[4]
Virginia 11	Philip P. Barbour	Jacksonian	1815 1824 (Retired) 1827	Incumbent resigned October 15, 1830, after being appointed judge of US Circuit Court of the Eastern District of Virginia. New member elected November 25, 1830. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 6, 1830.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John M. Patton (Jacksonian) 95.97% Scattering 4.03%^[5]

22nd Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
North Carolina 2	Vacant			Vacancy in term. New member elected in 1831 Jacksonian gain. Successor seated May 12, 1831.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John Branch (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Missouri at-large	Spencer D. Pettis	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Incumbent died August 28, 1831. New member elected October 31, 1831. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Successor seated October 31, 1831.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y William H. Ashley (Anti-Jacksonian) 50.62% Robert W. Wells (Jacksonian) 49.38%^[6]
Vermont 2	Rollin C. Mallary	Anti-Jacksonian	1820 (Contested)	Incumbent died April 15, 1831. New member elected November 1, 1831 on the third ballot. Anti-Masonic gain. Successor seated December 5, 1831.	First ballot (July 5, 1831):<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> William Slade (Anti-Masonic) 49.32% Charles Kilborn Williams (Anti-Jacksonian) 39.61% William White (Jacksonian) 11.07%^[7] Second ballot (September 6, 1831):<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> William Slade (Anti-Masonic) 49.82% Charles Kilborn Williams (Anti-Jacksonian) 41.19% William White (Jacksonian) 8.99%^[8] Third ballot (November 1, 1831):<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y William Slade (Anti-Masonic) 57.53% Robert Temple (Anti-Jacksonian) 28.13% William White (Jacksonian) 14.34%^[9]
Pennsylvania 11	William Ramsey	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent died September 29, 1831 before the new Congress convened. New member elected November 22, 1831. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 5, 1831.^[10]	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Robert McCoy (Jacksonian) 2,459 votes John D. Mahon (Independent) 1,931 votes James McSherry (Anti-Masonic) 1,154 votes^[11]
Georgia at-large	Wilson Lumpkin	Jacksonian	1814 1816 (Lost) 1826	Incumbent resgined in 1831 before the convening of Congress. New member elected December 12, 1831. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated January 21, 1832.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Augustin S. Clayton (Jacksonian) 52.16% William Schley (Jacksonian) 47.83%^[12]
New York 20	George Fisher	Anti-Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent lost contested election February 5, 1830 to Silas Wright, who in turn failed to qualify. New member elected November 3, 1830. Jacksonian gain. Winner was not a candidate the same day to the next term, see below. Successor seated December 6, 1830.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Jonah Sanford (Jacksonian) 60.64% Harvey D. Smith (Anti-Jacksonian) 39.36%^[13]
North Carolina 6	Robert Potter	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent resigned November ????, 1831. New member elected December 15, 1831. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated January 6, 1832.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Micajah T. Hawkins (Jacksonian) 35.32% Thomas N. Mann (Jacksonian) 32.12% James Wyche (Anti-Jacksonian) 19.84% Pope^{[lower-alpha 3]} (Unknown) 12.73%^[14]

Alabama

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alabama 1 "Northern District"	Clement C. Clay	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Clement C. Clay (Jacksonian) 100.00%
Alabama 2 "Middle District"	Robert E. B. Baylor	Jacksonian	1825	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Samuel W. Mardis (Jacksonian) 41.58% Jesse W. Garth (Anti-Jacksonian) 35.51% Robert E. B. Baylor (Jacksonian) 22.92%
Alabama 3 "Southern District"	Dixon Hall Lewis	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Dixon Hall Lewis (Jacksonian) 57.64% John Murphy (Jacksonian) 42.36%

Arkansas Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Connecticut elected its six at-large members on a general ticket on April 14, 1831, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Ralph I. Ingersoll	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Noyes Barber (Anti-Jacksonian) 14.55% Y Ralph I. Ingersoll (Anti-Jacksonian) 14.54% Y Jabez W. Huntington (Anti-Jacksonian) 13.33% Y William W. Ellsworth (Anti-Jacksonian) 13.31% Y William L. Storrs (Anti-Jacksonian) 13.09% Y Ebenezer Young (Anti-Jacksonian) 1.93% Isaac Toucey (Jacksonian) 7.04% Simeon Minor (Jacksonian) 7.04% Elisha Halsey (Jacksonian) 6.33% William Hollabird (Jacksonian) 4.88% Thaddeus Betts 3.95%^[15]
	Noyes Barber	Anti-Jacksonian	1821	Incumbent re-elected.
	Ebenezer Young	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.
	Jabez W. Huntington	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.
	William L. Storrs	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.
	William W. Ellsworth	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Delaware at-large	Kensey Johns	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John J. Milligan (Anti-Jacksonian) 52.68% Henry M. Ridgely (Jacksonian) 47.32%

Florida Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Georgia

Georgia elected its 7 at-large members on October 4, 1830.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Georgia at-large 7 seats on a general ticket	Richard Henry Wilde	Jacksonian	1814 1816 (Lost) 1824 (Special) 1826 (Lost) 1827 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Richard H. Wilde (Jacksonian) 11.53% Y Wilson Lumpkin (Jacksonian) 11.35% Y Daniel Newnan (Jacksonian) 10.72% Y Henry G. Lamar (Jacksonian) 9.81% Y Thomas F. Foster (Jacksonian) 9.40% Y James M. Wayne (Jacksonian) 9.29% Y Wiley Thompson (Jacksonian) 9.24% Charles E. Haynes (Jacksonian) 7.55% Thomas U. Charlton (Jacksonian) 6.59% Roger L. Gamble (Jacksonian) 6.25% Seaton Gratland (Jacksonian) 6.02% Reuben C. Shorter (Unknown) 2.26%^[16]
	Wilson Lumpkin	Jacksonian	1814 1816 (Lost) 1826	Incumbent re-elected.
	Charles E. Haynes	Jacksonian	1824	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.
	Henry G. Lamar	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.
	Thomas F. Foster	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
	James M. Wayne	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
	Wiley Thompson	Jacksonian	1820	Incumbent re-elected.

Illinois

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Indiana

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Kentucky

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Louisiana

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Maine

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Maryland

Maryland elected its nine members on October 3, 1831. In the fifth district, two members were elected on a general ticket. There was a net gain of 2 Anti-Jacksonians thereby increasing their ratio from 3-to-6 to 5-to-4.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 1	Clement Dorsey	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Daniel Jenifer (Anti-Jacksonian) 59.0% John J. Brooke (Unknown) 41.0%^[17]
Maryland 2	Benedict Joseph Semmes	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Benedict Joseph Semmes (Anti-Jacksonian) 62.3% Alexander Keech (Unknown) 37.7%^[17]
Maryland 3	George Corbin Washington	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y George Corbin Washington (Anti-Jacksonian) Unopposed^[17]
Maryland 4	Michael Sprigg	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Francis Thomas (Jacksonian) 53.5% Michael Sprigg (Jacksonian) 46.5%^[17]
Maryland 5 (Plural district) Two members elected on a general ticket	Benjamin C. Howard	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Benjamin C. Howard (Jacksonian) 32.64% Y John T. H. Worthington (Jacksonian) 30.42% Ebenezer L. Finley (Anti-Jacksonian) 26.35% Elias Brown (Jacksonian) 10.58%^[18]
	Elias Brown	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.
Maryland 6	George E. Mitchell	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y George E. Mitchell (Jacksonian) 53.2% James W. Williams (Unknown) 46.8%^[17]
Maryland 7	Richard Spencer	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John Leeds Kerr (Anti-Jacksonian) 50.5% Richard Spencer (Jacksonian) 49.5%^[17]
Maryland 8	Ephraim King Wilson	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John S. Spence (Anti-Jacksonian) 92.21% Scattering 7.79%^[19]

Massachusetts

Former U.S. President John Quincy Adams was elected in A, becoming the first former president to re-enter public life after leaving the presidency.

Elections were held November 1, 1830, but at least one district went to so many ballots it failed to achieve a majority election until 1832, just before the next cycle began.

(District numbers differ between sources. District numbers below reflect Martis's references.^[20] Where noted, Congressional Quarterly's "Guide to U.S. Elections"^[21] and OurCampaigns.com have different district numbers.)

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	Benjamin Gorham	Anti-Jacksonian	1820 (Special) 1822 (Retired) 1827 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Nathan Appleton (Anti-Jacksonian) 57.45% Henry Lee (Independent) 42.56%^[22]
Massachusetts 2	Benjamin W. Crowninshield	Anti-Jacksonian	1822	Incumbent lost re-election from a different party. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Rufus Choate (Anti-Jacksonian) 59.12% Benjamin W. Crowninshield (Jacksonian) 26.06% Others 14.82%^[23]
Massachusetts 3	John Varnum	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Incumbent retired. New member elected late on the thirteenth ballot. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	First ballot (November 1, 1830): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 34.31% John Merrill (Anti-Jacksonian) 26.23% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 25.66% James H. Duncan (Unknown) 13.80%^[24] Second ballot (January 3, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 42.94% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 29.66% Stephen W. Marston (Independent) 27.40%^[25] Third ballot (April 4, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 43.88% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 32.40% Stephen W. Marston (Independent) 23.72%^[26] Fourth ballot (June 27, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 43.07% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 29.54% Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 27.39%^[27] Fifth ballot (September 5, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 34.31% Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 31.99% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 28.08%^[28] Sixth ballot (November 14, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 40.53% Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 31.20% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 28.28%^[29] Seventh ballot (January 16, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 43.92% Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 28.82% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 27.26%^[30] Eighth ballot (February 13, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 40.84% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 33.12% Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 26.04%^[31] Ninth ballot (March 12, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 38.82% Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 35.48% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 25.70%^[32] Tenth ballot (April 9, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 47.18% Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 41.19% Scattering 11.63%^[33] Eleventh ballot (May 14, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 38.17% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 32.01% Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 29.82%^[34] Twelfth ballot (September 3, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Joseph Kitteridge (Unknown) 39.01% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 31.40% Caleb Cushing (Anti-Jacksonian) 29.59%^[35] Thirteenth ballot (November 12, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Jeremiah Nelson (Anti-Jacksonian) 63.65% Gayton P. Osgood (Jacksonian) 36.35%^[36]
Massachusetts 4	Edward Everett	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Edward Everett (Anti-Jacksonian) 83.60% James Russell (Jacksonian) 16.40%^[37]
Massachusetts 5 CQGuide: 13th^[21] OurCampaigns: 8th^[38]	John Davis	Anti-Jacksonian	1824	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John Davis (Anti-Jacksonian) 72.7% Dana Thurber 21.54% Scattering 5.77%^[38]
Massachusetts 6 CQGuide: 5th^[21] OurCampaigns: 9th^[39]	Joseph G. Kendall	Anti-Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Joseph G. Kendall (Anti-Jacksonian) Unopposed^[21]^[39]
Massachusetts 7 CQGuide: 6th^[21] OurCampaigns: 6th^[40]	George Grennell Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y George Grennell Jr. (Anti-Jacksonian) 72.4% Israel Billings (Unknown) 25.22%^[40]
Massachusetts 8 OurCampaigns: 5th^[41]	Isaac C. Bates	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Isaac C. Bates (Anti-Jacksonian) 79.54% John Mills (Jacksonian) 20.46%^[41]
Massachusetts 9 CQGuide: 7th^[21] OurCampaigns: 7th^[42]	Henry W. Dwight	Anti-Jacksonian	1820	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y George N. Briggs (Anti-Jacksonian) 61.98% Nathan Willis (Jacksonian) 29.96% Henry W. Dwight (Anti-Jacksonian) 8.06%^[42]
Massachusetts 10 CQGuide: 9th^[21]	John Bailey	Anti-Jacksonian	1823 (Special) 1824 (Disqualified) 1824 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Henry A. Dearborn (Anti-Jacksonian) 58.52% Moses Thatcher (Anti-Masonic) 34.01% Abel Cushing (Jacksonian) 7.47%^[43]
Massachusetts 11 CQGuide: 12th^[21] OurCampaigns: 11th^[44]	Joseph Richardson	Anti-Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John Quincy Adams (Anti-Jacksonian) 74.77% Ara Thompson (Jacksonian) 15.61% William Baylies (Unknown) 9.62%^[44]
Massachusetts 12 CQGuide: 10th^[21]	James L. Hodges	Anti-Jacksonian	1827	Incumbent re-elected late on the seventh ballot	First ballot (November 1, 1830): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Russel Freeman (Anti-Jacksonian) 48.74% Micah B. Ruggles (Anti-Masonic) 20.66% James L. Hodges (Anti-Jacksonian) 17.87% Francis Baylies (Jacksonian) 12.73%^[45] Second ballot (January 3, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Micah B. Ruggles (Anti-Masonic) 48.08% James L. Hodges (Anti-Jacksonian) 44.01% John A. Parker (Unknown) 7.91%^[46] Third ballot (April 4, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Micah B. Ruggles (Anti-Masonic) 49.73% James L. Hodges (Anti-Jacksonian) 47.84% William Reed (Unknown) 2.44%^[47] Fourth ballot (June 27, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Micah B. Ruggles (Anti-Masonic) 49.65% James L. Hodges (Anti-Jacksonian) 47.4% Scattering 2.95%^[48] Fifth ballot (September 5, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Micah B. Ruggles (Anti-Masonic) 49.65% James L. Hodges (Anti-Jacksonian) 47.4% Scattering 3.86%^[49] Sixth ballot (November 14, 1831): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Micah B. Ruggles (Anti-Masonic) 49.60% James L. Hodges (Anti-Jacksonian) 48.11% Scattering 2.99%^[50] Seventh ballot (January 16, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y James L. Hodges (Anti-Jacksonian) 51.58% Micah B. Ruggles (Anti-Masonic) 48.42%^[51]
Massachusetts 13 CQGuide: 11th^[21]	John Reed Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	1812 1816 (Lost) 1820	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John Reed Jr. (Anti-Jacksonian) Unopposed^[52]

Michigan Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Mississippi

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Missouri

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New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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New York

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North Carolina

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. North Carolina elected its members August 11, 1831, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
North Carolina 1
North Carolina 2
North Carolina 3
North Carolina 4
North Carolina 5
North Carolina 6
North Carolina 7
North Carolina 8
North Carolina 9
North Carolina 10
North Carolina 11	Henry W. Connor	Jacksonian	1821	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Henry W. Connor (Jacksonian) 58.20% Bartlett Shipp (Anti-Jacksonian) 41.80%^[53]

Ohio

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Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[54]^{[lower-alpha 4]}
Pennsylvania 1	Joel B. Sutherland	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Joel B. Sutherland (Jacksonian) 66.2% Stephen Simpson (Anti-Jacksonian) 33.8%
Pennsylvania 2	Joseph Hemphill	Jacksonian	1800 1802 (Lost) 1818 1826 (Resigned) 1828	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Henry Horn (Jacksonian) 55.6% Daniel W. Coxe (Anti-Jacksonian) 44.4%
Pennsylvania 3	Daniel H. Miller	Jacksonian	1822	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John G. Watmough (Anti-Jacksonian) 54.1% Daniel H. Miller (Jacksonian) 45.9%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 3 seats	James Buchanan	Jacksonian	1820	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y William Hiester (Anti-Masonic) 52.4% Y Joshua Evans Jr. (Jacksonian) 50.4% Y David Potts Jr. (Anti-Masonic) 49.1% Edward Darlington (Anti-Masonic) 49.0% Samuel Boyd (Jacksonian) 47.3% Archibald T. Dick (Jacksonian) 37.1% Samuel Edwards (Federalist) 14.6%
	Joshua Evans Jr.	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
	George G. Leiper	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.
Pennsylvania 5	John B. Sterigere	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Joel K. Mann (Jacksonian) 56.4% John Freedly (Anti-Masonic) 43.6%
Pennsylvania 6	Innis Green	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John C. Bucher (Jacksonian) 54.4% Valentine Hummel (Anti-Jacksonian) 45.6%
Pennsylvania 7 Plural district with 2 seats	Joseph Fry Jr.	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (Jacksonian) 58.3% Y Henry King (Jacksonian) 55.0% John Bentenman (Anti-Masonic) 44.2% Walter C. Livingston (Anti-Masonic) 42.5%
Pennsylvania 7 Plural district with 2 seats	Henry A. P. Muhlenberg	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats	Peter Ihrie Jr.	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Peter Ihrie Jr. (Jacksonian) 61.0% Y Samuel A. Smith (Jacksonian) 48.1% Lewis A. Coryell (Jacksonian) 33.4% Christian J. Hutter (Jacksonian) 29.7% James M. Porter (Anti-Jacksonian) 18.4% Stephen Brock (Anti-Jacksonian) 9.4%
Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats	Samuel A. Smith	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 9 Plural district with 3 seats	Philander Stephens	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Lewis Dewart (Jacksonian)^{[lower-alpha 5]} 99.0% Y Philander Stephens (Jacksonian) 69.6% Y James Ford (Jacksonian) 68.4% John Burrows (Anti-Jacksonian) 32.3% George Walker (Anti-Jacksonian) 30.7%
	James Ford	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
	Alem Marr	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.
Pennsylvania 10	Adam King	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Adam King (Jacksonian) 58.6% William McIlvine (Anti-Jacksonian) 41.4%
Pennsylvania 11 Plural district with 2 seats	Thomas H. Crawford	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Thomas H. Crawford (Jacksonian) 60.1% Y William Ramsey (Jacksonian) 59.2% Jacob Alter (Anti-Masonic) 40.5% Robert Smith (Anti-Masonic) 40.1%
Pennsylvania 11 Plural district with 2 seats	William Ramsey	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent died September 29, 1831, before the new Congress convened, leading to a November 22, 1831 special election^[55]
Pennsylvania 12	John Scott	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Robert Allison (Anti-Masonic) 55.1% John Scott (Jacksonian) 44.9%
Pennsylvania 13	Chauncey Forward	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y George Burd (Anti-Jacksonian) 50.2% David Mann (Anti-Masonic) 48.5% Reynolds^{[lower-alpha 6]} 1.3%
Pennsylvania 14	Thomas Irwin	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Andrew Stewart (Anti-Masonic) 54.3% Thomas Irwin (Jacksonian) 45.7%
Pennsylvania 15	William McCreery	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Thomas M. T. McKennan (Anti-Masonic) 52.1% William McCreery (Jacksonian) 47.9%
Pennsylvania 16 Plural district with 2 seats	Harmar Denny	Anti-Masonic	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Harmar Denny (Anti-Masonic) 55.2% Y John Gilmore (Jacksonian) 41.6% Robert T. Stewart (Jacksonian) 35.7% William Ayers (Anti-Masonic) 35.4% Walter Forward (Anti-Masonic) 32.2%
Pennsylvania 16 Plural district with 2 seats	John Gilmore	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 17	Richard Coulter	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Richard Coulter (Jacksonian) 63.5% Thomas Pollock (Anti-Masonic) 26.5%
Pennsylvania 18	Thomas H. Sill	Anti-Jacksonian	1826 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John Banks (Anti-Masonic) 57.1% Thomas S. Cunningham (Jacksonian) 42.9%

Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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Tennessee

Election held late, on August 4 1831.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	John Blair	Jacksonian	1823	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John Blair (Jacksonian) 50.27% William B. Carter (Anti-Jacksonian) 49.73%^[56]
Tennessee 2	Pryor Lea	Jacksonian	1827	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Thomas D. Arnold (Anti-Jacksonian) 51.21% Pryor Lea (Jacksonian) 48.79%^[57]
Tennessee 3	James I. Standifer	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y James I. Standifer (Jacksonian) 99.51% Scattering 0.49%^[58]
Tennessee 4	Jacob C. Isacks	Jacksonian	1823	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Jacob C. Isacks (Jacksonian) 45.00% John B. McCormick (Unknown) 39.02% Hopkins L. Turney (Jacksonian) 15.98%^[59]
Tennessee 5	Robert Desha	Jacksonian	1827	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y William Hall (Jacksonian) 50.70% Robert H. Burton (Unknown) 49.30%^[60]
Tennessee 6	James K. Polk	Jacksonian	1825	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y James K. Polk (Jacksonian) 100%^[61]
Tennessee 7	John Bell	Jacksonian	1827	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y John Bell (Jacksonian) 100%^[62]
Tennessee 8	Cave Johnson	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Cave Johnson (Jacksonian) 100%^[63]
Tennessee 9	Davy Crockett	Anti-Jacksonian	1827	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain.	<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Cave Johnson (Jacksonian) 51.78% Davy Crockett (Anti-Jacksonian) 48.22%^[64]

Vermont

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District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Vermont 1
Vermont 2
Vermont 3
Vermont 4	Benjamin Swift	Anti-Jacksonian	1827	New member elected late on the eleventh ballot.^[65] Anti-Jacksonian hold.	Eleventh ballot (June 6, 1832): <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> Y Heman Allen (Anti-Jacksonian) 52.99% Asa Aldis (Anti-Masonic) 22.38% Stephen S. Brown (Jacksonian) 17.98% Truman Chittenden (Anti-Jacksonian) 6.64%^[65]
Vermont 5

Virginia

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Non-voting delegates

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arkansas Territory at-large
Florida Territory at-large
Michigan Territory at-large

Notes

↑ Not including special elections and some regular elections that went to multiple ballots.
↑ In C, the election wasn't completed until 1832.
↑ Full name unknown in source
↑ For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats.
↑ Ran on joint Jacksonian/Anti-Jacksonian ticket.
↑ Source did not give full name

References

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↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 ^17.3 ^17.4 ^17.5 CQGuide, p. 556.
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↑ Martis.
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Bibliography

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External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

[1] Not including special elections and some regular elections that went to multiple ballots.

[2] In C, the election wasn't completed until 1832.

[FNU-16] Full name unknown in source

[58] For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats.

[59] Ran on joint Jacksonian/Anti-Jacksonian ticket.

[fn-61] Source did not give full name

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1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections

Contents

Election summaries

Special elections

21st Congress

22nd Congress

Alabama

Arkansas Territory

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida Territory

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan Territory

Mississippi

Missouri

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Vermont

Virginia

Non-voting delegates

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

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