Sakharov Prize
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought | |
---|---|
The awarding ceremony of the 1990 prize awarded to Aung San Suu Kyi inside the Parliament's Strasbourg hemicycle, in 2013.
|
|
Country | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 446: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Presented by | European Parliament |
Reward | €50,000[1] |
First awarded | 1988 |
Currently held by | Raif Badawi |
Official website | Official website Sakharov Prize Network website |
The Sakharov Prize, officially known as the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought and named after Russian scientist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament as a means to honour individuals and groups of people who have dedicated their lives to the defense of human rights and freedom of thought.[2] A shortlist of nominees is drawn up by the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Development, with the winner announced in October.[1] The prize is accompanied by a monetary award of €50,000.[1]
The first prize was awarded jointly to South African Nelson Mandela and Russian Anatoly Marchenko. The 1990 award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi, but she could not collect it until 2013 as a result of her political imprisonment in Burma. The prize has also been awarded to organisations, the first being the Argentine Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in 1992.
Some Sakharov laureates still face harsh political oppression. Laureates living under repressive regimes include the Belarusian Association of Journalists (2004), Damas de Blanco and Guillermo Fariñas (Cuba, 2005 and 2010), Alaksandar Milinkievič (Belarus, 2006) and Hu Jia (China, 2008). Razan Zaitouneh (2011) was kidnapped in 2013 and is still missing. Nasrin Sotoudeh (2012) was released from prison in September 2013, and, along with fellow 2012 laureate Jafar Panahi, is still barred from leaving Iran.
Three Sakharov laureates were subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize: Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, and Malala Yousafzai.
Laureates
Year | Recipient | Nationality | Notes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
1988 | Nelson Mandela | South Africa | Anti-apartheid activist and later President of South Africa | [3] |
1988 | Anatoly Marchenko (posthumously) | Soviet Union | Soviet dissident, author and human rights activist | [3] |
1989 | Alexander Dubček | Czechoslovakia | Slovak politician, attempted to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring | [3] |
1990 | Aung San Suu Kyi | Burma | Opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy | [4] |
1991 | Adem Demaçi | Kosovo | Kosovo Albanian Politician and long-term political prisoner | [3] |
1992 | Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo | Argentina | Association of Argentine mothers whose children disappeared during the Dirty War | [4] |
1993 | Oslobođenje | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Popular newspaper that defended Bosnia and Herzegovina as a multi-ethnic state | [4] |
1994 | Taslima Nasrin | Bangladesh | Ex-doctor, feminist author | [4] |
1995 | Leyla Zana | Turkey | Politician of Kurdish descent from Southeastern Turkey, who was imprisoned for 10 years for speaking her native language of Kurdish in the Turkish Parliament | [3] |
1996 | Wei Jingsheng | China | An activist in the Chinese democracy movement | [4] |
1997 | Salima Ghezali | Algeria | Journalist and writer, an activist of women's rights, human rights and democracy in Algeria | [4] |
1998 | Ibrahim Rugova | Kosovo | Albanian politician, the first President of Kosovo | [3] |
1999 | Xanana Gusmão | East Timor | Former militant who was the first President of East Timor | [5] |
2000 | ¡Basta Ya! | Spain | Organisation uniting individuals of various political positions against terrorism | [6] |
2001 | Nurit Peled-Elhanan | Israel | Peace activist | [3] |
2001 | Izzat Ghazzawi | Palestine | Writer, professor | [3] |
2001 | Dom Zacarias Kamwenho | Angola | Archbishop and peace activist | [3] |
2002 | Oswaldo Payá | Cuba | Political activist and dissident | [7] |
2003 | Kofi Annan (& United Nations) | Ghana | Nobel Peace Prize recipient and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations | [3] |
2004 | Belarusian Association of Journalists | Belarus | Non-governmental organisation "aiming to ensure freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information and promoting professional standards of journalism" | [8] |
2005 | Ladies in White | Cuba | Opposition movement, relatives of jailed dissidents | [9] |
2005 | Reporters Without Borders | International | France-based non-governmental organisation advocating freedom of the press | [9] |
2005 | Hauwa Ibrahim | Nigeria | Human rights lawyer | [9] |
2006 | Alaksandar Milinkievič | Belarus | Politician chosen by United Democratic Forces of Belarus as the joint candidate of the opposition in the presidential elections of 2006 | [10] |
2007 | Salih Mahmoud Osman | Sudan | Human rights lawyer | [4] |
2008 | Hu Jia | China | Activist and dissident | [11] |
2009 | Memorial | Russia | International civil rights and historical society | [12] |
2010 | Guillermo Fariñas | Cuba | Doctor, journalist and political dissident | [13] |
2011 | Asmaa Mahfouz, Ahmed al-Senussi, Razan Zaitouneh, Ali Farzat, Mohamed Bouazizi (posthumously) |
Egypt Libya Syria Syria Tunisia |
Five representatives of the Arab people, in recognition and support of their drive for freedom and human rights. | [14] |
2012 | Jafar Panahi, Nasrin Sotoudeh |
Iran | Iranian activists, Sotoudeh is a lawyer and Panahi is a film director. | [15][16] |
2013 | Malala Yousafzai | Pakistan | Campaigner for women's rights and education | [17] |
2014 | Denis Mukwege | DR Congo | Gynecologist treating victims of gang rape | [18] |
2015 | Raif Badawi | Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabian writer and activist and the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals | [19] |
Notes and references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Use British English from March 2013
- Use dmy dates from March 2013
- Pages using infobox award with undocumented parameters
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles with hCards
- Interlanguage link template link number
- Featured lists
- Recipients of the Sakharov Prize
- Human rights awards
- Free expression awards
- Awards established in 1988
- European awards
- European Parliament