Armadillo repeat
| Armadillo repeat domain | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:PDB 3bct EBI.jpg
Structure of the armadillo domain of beta-catenin.[1]
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Arm | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00514 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0020 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR000225 | ||||||||
| SMART | SM00185 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50176 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 3bct | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 3bct | ||||||||
| CDD | cd00020 | ||||||||
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An armadillo repeat is the name of a characteristic, repetitive amino acid sequence of about 40 residues in length that is found in many proteins. Proteins that contain armadillo repeats typically contain several tandemly repeated copies.[2][3] Each Armadillo repeat is composed of a pair of alpha helices that form a hairpin structure. Multiple copies of the repeat form what is known as an alpha solenoid structure.
Examples of proteins that contain armadillo repeats include β-catenin, α-importin,[4] plakoglobin,[5] adenomatous polyposis coli (APC),[6] and many others.
The term armadillo derives from the historical name of the β-catenin gene in the fruitfly Drosophila where the armadillo repeat was first discovered. β-catenin is a protein involved in linking cadherin cell adhesion proteins to the cytoskeleton,[1] but the armadillo repeat is found in a wide range of proteins with other functions. This type of protein domain is important in transducing WNT signals during embryonic development.
Structure
The 3-dimensional fold of an armadillo repeat was first observed in the crystal structure of beta-catenin, where the 12 repeats form a superhelix of alpha helices with three helices per unit.[1] The cylindrical structure features a positively charged groove, which presumably interacts with the acidic surfaces of the known interaction partners of beta-catenin.[7]
References
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External links
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_Bipartite_1
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoCore_2
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoExtC_3
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoExtN_4
- Armadillo Domain Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Armadillo/plakoglobin ARM repeat in PROSITE
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