Heterofullerene

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Heterofullerenes are classes of fullerenes, at least one carbon atom is replaced by another element.[1][2] Based on spectroscopy, substitutions have been reported with boron (borafullerenes),[3][4] nitrogen (azafullerenes),[5][6] oxygen,[7] arsenic, germanium,[8] phosphorus,[9] silicon,[10][11] iron, copper, nickel, rhodium [11][12] and iridium.[11] Reports on isolated heterofullerenes are limited to those based on nitrogen [13][14][15][16][17] and oxygen.[18]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Hummelen, Jan C.; Bellavia-Lund, Cheryl and Wudl, Fred (1999) "Heterofullerenes. Fullerenes and Related Structures" in Topics in Current Chemistry, Volume 199, pp. 93–134 doi:10.1007/3-540-68117-5_3
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Harris, D.J. (1993) "Discovery of Nitroballs: Research in Fullerene Chemistry" http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/1993/CatWin_S05.html
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


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