Massonia
| Massonia | |
|---|---|
| File:Massonia pustulata.jpg | |
| Massonia pustulata in cultivation | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Scilloideae |
| Genus: | Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt.[1] |
| Type species | |
| Massonia depressa |
|
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
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Massonia is a genus of bulbous perennials in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (also treated as the family Hyacinthaceae).[2] It is native to southern Africa, [1] and is found in localities such as Namaqualand with hot and dry summers, being dormant in summer and growing during winter. [3] The genus Whiteheadia has been merged into Massonia.[4] It is classed as a cryptophyte.
Description
Massonia grows from underground bulbs whose outer tunic is pale brown and papery or leathery. Two relatively broad leaves appear at the same time as the flowers, spreading out on either side, sometimes lying flat on the ground. The flowers are borne in a raceme, which may be short and held at ground level. There may be a "tuft" of green bracts at the top of the inflorescence. Individual flowers are pale in colour, white, or with green, yellow or pink tones. They are bell-shaped or somewhat tubular, with the tepals joined at the base forming a short or long tube. The stamens are more-or-less erect, with their filaments joined to the end of the tube formed by the tepals and also to each other, forming a small cup. The seeds are dull black.[5]
The species Massonia depressa has been shown to be pollinated by rodents, including two species of gerbil (Gerbillurus paeba and Desmodillus auricularis). Very few species of plant are rodent-pollinated.[6]
Systematics
The genus name was attributed to Carl Peter Thunberg by Maarten Houttuyn in 1780.[1] It honours the Scottish botanist and gardener Francis Masson.[7] A molecular phylogenetic study showed Massonia to be monophyletic, but also that the two species of the genus Whiteheadia were placed separately at the base of the Massonia clade, rendering Whiteheadia paraphyletic. Accordingly, Manning et al. transferred W. bifolia and W. etesionamibensis to Massonia.[8]
Massonia is the type genus of the subtribe Massoniinae which is placed in the tribe Hyacintheae (or the tribe Massonieae in the subfamily Hyacinthoideae for those who accept the family Hyacinthaceae). It is most closely related to the genus Lachenalia.[8]
Species
As of April 2013[update], the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognized 12 species:[9]
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- Massonia bifolia (Jacq.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt (syn. Whiteheadia bifolia (Jacq.) Baker)
- Massonia depressa Houtt.
- Massonia echinata L.f.
- Massonia etesionamibensis (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt (syn. Whiteheadia etesionamibensis U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies)
- Massonia hirsuta Link & Otto
- Massonia jasminiflora Burch. ex Baker
- Massonia pustulata Jacq.
- Massonia pygmaea Schltdl. ex Kunth
- Massonia sempervirens U.Müll.-Doblies
- Massonia setulosa Baker
- Massonia tenella Sol. ex Baker
- Massonia wittebergensis U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies
Cultivation
Massonia species have been described as "essentially plants for the collector". They require the protection of an alpine house or bulb frame in regions subject to frosts. Well-drained soil and a sunny situation are considered essential. They can be propagated by seed, flowering after at least two to four years.[10]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/plant-portraits/Massonia+pustulata+plant+of+the+month+Dec+/100/
- ↑ Müller-Doblies, U. & Müller-Doblies, D. (1997). A partial revision of the tribe Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) 1. Survey, including three novelties from Namibia: a new genus, a second species in the monotypic Whiteheadia, and a new combination in Massonia. Feddes Repertorium 108: 49-96.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Search for "Massonia", Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p. 786
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