Phlebovirus
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Phlebovirus is one of five genera of the family Bunyaviridae. The Phlebovirus genus currently comprises over 70 antigenically distinct serotypes, only a few of which have been studied. 68 of the known serotypes are divided into two groups: the Phlebotomus fever viruses (the sandfly group, transmitted by Phlebotominae sandflies) comprises 55 members and the Uukuniemi group (transmitted by ticks) comprises the remaining 13 members.
Virology
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Phleboviruses are class V viruses with a segmented negative-strand RNA genome. The genome comprises 3 segments, one of which uses an ambisense coding strategy. The small segment (S) codes for the viral N protein and a non structural protein, NSs. The medium-sized segment (M) codes for a precursor of the viral glycoproteins and non-structural components. The product of the largest segment (L) is the viral RNA polymerase.
Taxonomy
According to the ICTV,[1] the genus Phlebovirus consists of nine species: Bujaru virus, Candiru virus, Chilibre virus, Frijoles virus, Punta Toro virus, Rift valley fever virus (the type species), Salehad virus, Sandfly fever Naples virus and Uukuniemi virus.
As of 2015[update], within the phlebovirus there are three genetic groups of tick-borne phleboviruses : the SFTS group, the Bhanja group, and the Uukuniemi group.[2]
Clinical
The following twelve viruses have been linked to disease in humans: Alenquer virus, Bhanja virus,[3] Candiru virus, Chagres virus, Naples virus, Punta Toro virus, Rift Valley fever, Sicilian virus, Toscana virus, Uukuniemi virus, Heartland virus,[4] the first tick-borne phlebovirus known to cause disease in the Western Hemisphere, discovered in 2009 and the SFTS virus discovered in China in 2011.[5] They cause symptoms ranging from short self-limiting fevers, such as pappataci fever, to encephalitis and fatal haemorrhagic fever.
Serogroups
There are ten recognised serocomplexes
Aguacate serocomplex
- Aguacate virus
- Armero virus
- Durania virus
- Ixcanal virus
Bhanja virus serocomplex
- Bhanja virus (BHAV)
- Forecariah (FORV)
- Heartland virus (HRTV)
- Kismayo (KISV)
- Lone Star virus (LSV)
- Palma (PALV)
- Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTSV)
Candiru serocomplex
- Candiru virus
Frijoles serocomplex
- Frijoles virus
Icoaraci serocomplex
- Icoaraci virus
Salehabad serocomplex
- Adana virus
- Adria virus
- Alcube virus
- Arbia virus
- Salehabad virus
Sandfly fever serocomplex
The sandfly serocomplex is divided into two groups: Naples and Sicilian
- Sandfly fever Naples group
- Granada virus
- Massila virus
- Punique virus
- Sandfly fever Naples virus
- Toscana virus
- Sandfly fever Sicilian group
- Belterra virus
- Chagres virus
- Corfu virus
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Sandfly fever Cyprus virus
- Sandfly fever Sicilian virus
- Sandfly fever Turkey virus
Simbu serocomplex
- Pintupo viruses
- Simbu virus
- Utive virus
- Utinga virus
Punta Toro serocomplex
- Punta Toro virus
Uukuniemi serocomplex
- Catch-me-cave virus
- Grand Arbaud virus
- Henan Fever virus[6]
- Heartland virus
- Komandory virus
- Malsoor virus
- Manawa virus
- Rukutama virus
- Murre virus group
- Murre virus
- RML-105-105355 virus
- Sunday Canyon virus
- Precarious Point virus
- Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
- Uukuniemi virus group
- Uukuniemi virus
- EgAn 1825-61 virus
- Fin V707 virus
- Chize virus
- Zaliv Terpenia virus
Unclassified viruses
- Bradypus-4 virus
References
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- ↑ Vesenjak-Hirjan J, Calisher CH, Beus I. Marton E. First natural clinical human Bhanja virus infection, p 297–301. 1980. In Vesenjak-Hirjan J, Porterfield JS, Arslanagí, c E (ed), Arboviruses in the Mediterranean countries: 6th FEMS Symposium. Fischer, Stuttgart, Germany.
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External links
- Proteomics computational analyses suggest that the carboxyl terminal glycoproteins of Bunyaviruses are class II viral fusion protein (beta-penetrenes)
- Course BS335: Virology
- Phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) based on partial M segment sequence analyses
- Viralzone: Phlebovirus
