SS Aleutian

History
Name:	SS Havana
Operator:	Ward Line (1899-1905)
Builder:	William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company
Yard number:	294
Completed:	January 1899
Identification:	U.S. O/N:96435
Fate:	Sold in 1905
Name:	SS Panama
Operator:	Panama Railroad Steamship Company
Acquired:	1905
Fate:	sold in 1926
Name:	SS Aleutian
Operator:	Alaska Steamship Company
Acquired:	1926
Out of service:	1929
Fate:	Wrecked on pinnacle rock, 1929
General characteristics
Type:	Passenger Liner
Tonnage:	5,708
Length:	360 ft (110 m)
Beam:	50 ft (15 m)
Installed power:	2 x triple expansion engines
Propulsion:	Twin screw
Speed:	15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
SS Aleutian (Shipwreck)
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Nearest city	Larsen Bay, Alaska
NRHP Reference #	04000593
Added to NRHP	June 18, 2004

SS Aleutian was a passenger ship in North American coastal service. Built in 1899 for the Ward Line as SS Havana, she would later serve the building of the Panama Canal as SS Panama and ultimately enter Alaska service as SS Aleutian.

Ward Line service

In 1898 the Ward Line ordered two ships from William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company in Philadelphia as part of a modernization plan in response to increased passenger and freight demand. The new passenger ship SS Havana was delivered in 1899 and briefly saw military transport service (Official Number 96435) during the Spanish American War moving two infantry units from Havana, Havana, Cuba to Savannah, Georgia. She soon joined the company’s steamers linking New York with Nassau, Havana, and Mexican Gulf ports.

Panama Railroad Steamship Company service

File:SSPanama 1915.png

SS Panama in the Culebra Cut on Sunday 7 February 1915 - the first excursion to go through the Panama Canal.

Havana was sold to the Panama Railroad Steamship Company on behalf of the Isthmian Canal Commission in 1905. She was renamed SS Panama and would serve a crucial role in the construction of the Panama Canal. The steamship company was already running connecting service with New York and San Francisco. It also ran a Central American line of steamships linking Nicaragua, Costa Rica, San Salvador, and Guatemala to Panama City. The shipping service was greatly expanded as canal construction began. The line's heyday was during the construction period; once the canal was finished in 1914 the service shifted to the business of supporting the maintenance and operation of the canal and its supporting infrastructure, including the railroad.

Alaska Steamship Company service

In February 1927 Panama was sold to the Alaska Steamship Company and transferred to Pacific coastal service. Renamed SS Aleutian after the volcanic islands along the southwest Alaska coastline, the vessel received a complete overhaul and refit in Seattle. At this time she likely would have been converted from a coal to an oil fired vessel. Contemporary reports described her as palatial and she became the steamship company's flagship. She entered the company’s Alaska service carrying freight, passengers and mail service from Seattle, Washington. On 26 May 1929 Aleutian was steaming into Uyak Bay. The weather was clear with good visibility. Aleutian suddenly shook throughout her hull. She had struck a submerged pinnacle rock that had torn into her. The ship sank just seven minutes after impact. All but one person, a crew member, made it off and survived.

Wreck discovery and conservation

Aleutian was thought to have sunk in very deep water and no salvage had been attempted. In 1998 shipwreck historian Steve Lloyd researched the testimony from the Marine Board of Inquiry hearing that had been conducted after the sinking of Aleutian. Reconstructing testimony given by Aleutian's officers he estimated the course of the ship just before the pinnacle rock had inflicted its mortal blow. In 2002 he began a side-scan sonar and a magnetometer search of the sea floor beginning at the rock that had sunk the ship. (The rock was later marked with a navigation aid and named Aleutian Rock to honor the deceased crew member.) On 14 August 2002 the searchers found a metallic target on the seabed. The discovery was confirmed when a diver descended for an inspection. On the bottom, still upright, lay Aleutian. Her wreck is located just off the southern tip of Amook Island, about midway down the length of Uyak Bay at Kodiak Island. In 2003 Lloyd sought salvage rights to the wreck. "The cargo's still in the hold. The furniture is still in the stateroom ... spittoons still in the gentlemen's smoking room…Portions of the superstructure have collapsed, and almost all the wood is gone. But sections of the deck were steel and are still there." In 2004 the wreck site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. In December 2005 the state of Alaska and the discoverer’s exploration company reached a settlement that would allow artifact recovery in compliance with state’s Office of History and Archeology and environmental regulations. Aleutian is slowly deteriorating from the effects of saltwater corrosion and time. Despite the ship’s rapid sinking and time underwater she is nonetheless remarkably intact. The depth, current, and low visibility of her resting place makes her accessible only to experienced deep-wreck divers with advanced training and certification.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska