Chess composer
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A chess composer is a person who creates endgame studies or chess problems. Chess composers usually specialize in a particular genre, e.g. endgame studies, twomovers, threemovers, moremovers, helpmates, selfmates, or fairy problems. Moreover, composers have their own preferred style of composing, allowing their sorting according to composition schools.
Some chess composers produce huge numbers of chess compositions, while others try to achieve as much quality as possible and present new works only rarely.
It is possible for chess composers to gain official FIDE titles, usually for a given number of problems published in FIDE Albums. For example, Milan Vukcevich was an International Grandmaster of Chess Composition, as well as an International Master player.
The PCCC (Permanent Commission for Chess Composition) is a branch of FIDE regulating the awarding of titles such as International Grandmaster, International master, Master FIDE and International Judge for chess composition.
Schools of composition
Composition school in chess composition is a particular style of creating chess problems, putting emphasis on different aspects of the problem contents and attracting interest of important number of chess composers. The best-known composition schools, as they evolved historically, are:
- Old German school put emphasis on complexity and difficulty of solution and model mate in the main variation, the most suitable genres were fourmovers and fivemovers;
- Bohemian school puts emphasis on artistic beauty and number of variations finished by model mates, the most suitable genres were threemovers and fourmovers;
- English school demanded dual-free play in all variations and put emphasis on varied motivation in high number of variations;
- American school puts emphasis on originality and presence of surprising elements in the solution;
- New German school (also known as logical school) requires logical structure of solution and purity (or economy) of aim, the longer genres are more suitable;
- New Bohemian school combines requirements of new German school and Bohemian school;
- Strategical school puts emphasis on complexity of motivation in high number of variations, both defence and harmful motifs should be unified whenever possible, mostly in twomovers and threemovers;
- Soviet school is highly developed level of strategic school;
- New-strategical school requires changes of variations or move functions between phases;
- Slovak school requires changes of motifs between phases.
Besides clearly attributable chess problems there are many ones that might be attributed to none of these or to more of them. Today, many chess composers do work in the area of multiple schools regularly.
