Depressariinae

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Depressariinae
240px
Adult Psorosticha zizyphi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Suborder:
Glossata
Infraorder:
Heteroneura
Division:
Ditrysia
Superfamily:
Gelechioidea
Family:
Depressariidae
Subfamily:
Depressariinae (but see text)

Meyrick, 1883
Genera

Numerous, see text
Synonyms

Cryptolechiinae
Cryptolechiini
Depressariini
Depressiinae (lapsus)
Epigraphiini
(but see text)

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The Depressariinae – sometimes spelled "Depressiinae" in error – are a subfamily of moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. Like their relatives therein, their exact relationships are not yet very well resolved. It has been considered part of family Elachistidae sensu lato or included in an expanded Oecophoridae.[1] In modern classifications they are treated as the distinct gelechioid family Depressariidae.

As regards subdivisions, the Amphisbatinae are often held to be as close to the Depressariinae as to be included there, in particular if the latter are raised to full family rank, but also otherwise (as a tribe Amphisbatini in the Depressariinae). If Depressariinae are treated as oecophorid subfamily as they are here, it is more common to include the group around Cryptolechia, which is sometimes (especially in older arrangements) separated as tribe Cryptolechiini in subfamily Cryptolechiinae. The lineage of Cacochroa and its closest relatives – typically included in the "Cryptolechiinae" if these are treated as independent oecophorid subfamily – actually seems to be closer to Orophia, and would be part of tribe Orophiini if these are placed in the Oecophorinae. But they have also been included in the present group (as tribe(s) Orophiini and sometimes also Cacochroini), particularly if this is considered a full-fledged family. The same holds true for the Xyloryctidae, a doubtfully distinct group treated here as family but possibly a subfamily of the Oecophoridae. Finally, the Semioscopis lineage is occasionally separated from the rest of the Depressariinae as tribe Epigraphiini (after its junior synonym Epigraphia). In all such treatments, the core group of Depressariinae becomes a tribe Depressariini – but which arrangement ultimately turns out to be correct is unresolved. Hence, the "Cryptolechiinae" sensu stricto are here tentatively included in the Depressariinae while the Orophiini (including "Cacochroini") are not, and a subdivision of the Depressariinae into tribes is avoided pending more and better data.[1]

Distribution and ecology

Some 600 species were placed here as of 1999 (but see the caveats about the group's circumscription above). New taxa of Depressariinae are still being discovered and described on a regular basis. The group is found worldwide except on some oceanic islands and frozen wasteland, but the diversity is highest in temperate regions and the group is presumably Holarctic in origin – possibly Palaearctic, as gelechoid diversity in the Neotropics is poor but e.g. in Australia almost 20 species are found. From Europe alone, more than 160 species and subspecies (mostly of genus Agonopterix) were known in 2009, with over 80 recorded from Central Europe.[2]

The caterpillars usually develop in leaves spun together with silk, as stem borers or as seed or flower feeders of dicotyledons[verification needed]. Recorded Depressariinae host plants are mainly eurosids I (e.g. Betulaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Urticaceae) but also from some other families (e.g. Malvaceae and Rutaceae – eurosids II –, or euasterids II like Apiaceae and Asteraceae).[3]

Genera

File:A heracliana in copula.JPG
Mating Agonopterix heracliana

Genera of Depressariinae – with some notable species also listed – include:[4]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Scoble (1995), ABRS (2008), FE (2009), Wikispecies (2010-MAR-24), and see references in Savela (2009)
  2. ↑ Scoble (1995), Hodges (1999), ABRS (2008), FE (2009), Lepiforum (2010)
  3. ↑ Scoble (1995), Hodges (1999)
  4. ↑ ABRS (2008), Wikispecies (2010-MAR-24), and see references in Savela (2009)

References

Data related to Depressariinae at Wikispecies See also Gelechioidea Talk page for comparison of some approaches to gelechioid systematics and taxonomy.

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