Echinopsis
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Echinopsis | |
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Echinopsis spachiana | |
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Echinopsis
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Species | |
around 180, see text |
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Echinopsis is a large genus of cacti native to South America, sometimes known as hedgehog cactus, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. One small species, E. chamaecereus, is known as the peanut cactus. The 128 species range from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines.
Echinopsis is distinguished from Echinocactus by the length of the flower tube,[citation needed] from Cereus by the form and size of their stems,[citation needed] and from both in the position on the stem occupied by the flowers. They are remarkable for the great size, length of tube, and beauty of their flowers, which, borne upon generally small and dumpy stems, appear much larger and more attractive than would be expected.
Contents
Distribution
Echinopsis species are native to South America (Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay and Uruguay). They grow only in situations where the soil is sandy or gravelly, or on the sides of hills in the crevices of rocks.
Cultivation
The growing and resting seasons for Echinopsis are the same as for Echinocactus.[citation needed] Research by J. Smith (former Curator at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) showed that species like the Chilean Echinopsis cristata and its Mexican relatives thrive if potted in light loam, with a little leaf mould and a few nodules of limestone. The limestone keeps the soil open; it is important that the soil should be well drained. In winter, water must be given very sparingly, and the atmosphere should be dry; the temperature need not exceed 10 °C during the night, and in very cold weather it may be allowed to fall to 5 °C, provided a higher temperature of 14 °C is maintained during the day. In spring, the plants should receive the full influence of the increasing warmth of the sun; and during hot weather, they will be benefited by frequent spraying overhead, which should be done in the evening. The soil should never be saturated, as the soft fibrous roots will rot if kept wet for any length of time.
None of the species need to be grafted to grow freely and remain healthy, as the stems are all robust enough and of sufficient size to take care of themselves. The only danger is in keeping the plants too moist in winter, for although a little water now and again keeps the stems fresh and green, it deprives them of that rest which is essential to the development of their large, beautiful flowers in summer.
Taxonomy
Studies in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in several formerly separate genera being absorbed into Echinopsis:
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Some have proposed merging Rebutia as well.[who?]
Like several other taxonomic changes in Cactaceae, this one has not been universally accepted.[1] Amateur and professional growers still use names like Echinopsis (in the older sense), Lobivia, Setiechinopsis and Trichocereus, although many of the others listed above fell out of common usage long before the change.[citation needed]
Changing the genus name necessitated using some different specific epithets to avoid creating duplicate names. Thus both Echinopsis bridgesii and Trichocereus bridgesii previously existed. These are very different plants: Echinopsis bridgesii is a short clumping cactus, whereas Trichocereus bridgesii is a tall columnar cactus similar to E. (or T.) pachanoi. Under the new classification, Trichocereus bridgesii becomes Echinopsis lageniformis.[citation needed]
Species
- Note: some of the species listed below may be synonyms, subspecies, or varieties of others.
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Many hybrids exist, mostly between similar species but also between more distinct ones, such as the cross between E. pachanoi and E. eyriesii which was sold under the name "Trichopsis pachaniesii" by Sacred Succulents.
Gallery
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The Botanical Magazine. pl 4521. Cactus.jpg
Echinopsis cristata var. purpurea
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Echinopsis eyriesii.JPG
Echinopsis eyriesii visited by a European honeybee; Kfar Blum Kibbutz garden, Israel.
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2008 07 Botanical Garden Meran 71610R0413.jpg
Echinopsis huascha Botanical Garden Meran
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Echinopsis chiloensis 5.jpg
Echinopsis chiloensis
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Echinopsis ferox c-3311 - 01A.jpg
Echinopsis ferox c-3311
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EchinopsisThelegona.jpg
Echinopsis thelegona
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Echinopsis backebergii1PAKAL.jpg
Echinopsis backebergii
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Echinopsis bruchii Yazz.JPG
Echinopsis bruchii
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Echinopsis oxygona13213404.jpg
Echinopsis oxygona
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Echinopsis yuquina 1.jpg
Echinopsis yuquina
References
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Bibliography
- Edward F. Anderson, The Cactus Family (Timber Press, 2001) ISBN 0-88192-498-9, pp. 255–286
- K. Trout, Trout's Notes on San Pedro & related Trichocereus species (Sacred Cacti 3rd ed. Part B) (Moksha Press, 2005) ISBN 0-9770876-0-3
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Echinopsis. |
Wikispecies has information related to: Echinopsis |
- Cactus Culture for Amateurs by W. Watson (1889)
- SucculentCity: Plant Profiles, Photographs & Cultivation Data
- Growing Trichocereus species (Plot55.com)
- IPNI
- Kuentz: Echinopsis (in French)
- Lohmueller: Echinopsis
- Mattslandscape; Echinopsis hybrids-growing culture
- Vimeo Video Echinopsis Cacti in Bloom
- echinopsis.com Photographs, Videos
- Echinopsis Cacti Flower Photographs, Videos
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008
- Pages using columns-list with unknown parameters
- All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
- Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2013
- Articles with unsourced statements from June 2013
- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- Echinopsis
- Cacti of South America
- Cactaceae genera