Common duiker

Common duiker
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Common duiker
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Bovidae
Subfamily:	Cephalophinae
Genus:	Sylvicapra Ogilby, 1837
Species:	S. grimmia
Binomial name
Sylvicapra grimmia (Linnaeus, 1758)

The common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia, also known as the grey or bush duiker, is a small antelope with small horns found in west, central, east, and southern Africa- essentially everywhere in Africa south of the Sahara, excluding the Horn of Africa and the rainforests of the central and western parts of the continent. Generally, they are found in habitats with sufficient vegetation cover to allow them to hide—savanna and hilly areas, including the fringes of human settlements.

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Common duiker in Kruger National Park

Description

Colouration of this species varies widely over its vast geographic range. As many as 19 subspecies are thought to exist, ranging from chestnut in forested areas of Angola to grizzled gray in northern savannas and light brown shades in arid regions. It grows to about 50 cm (20 in) in height and generally weighs 12 to 25 kg (26 to 55 lb); although females are generally larger and heavier than the males. The males' horns can grow to 11 cm (4.3 in) long.

Behavior

Breeding is year round and the female gives birth to one fawn after a gestation period of what is variously estimated at 3.0 to 7.5 months. The common duiker has a wide diet; beyond herbivorous browsing for leaves, flowers, fruits and tubers, they will also eat insects, frogs, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. As long as they have vegetation to eat (from which they get some water), they can go without drinking for very long periods. In the rainy season, they will frequently not drink water at all, instead obtaining fluids from fruits. They will often scavenge for these fruits below trees in which monkeys are feeding. They are active both day and night, but become more nocturnal near human settlements.

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Juvenile male common duiker in Kidepo Valley National Park, Uganda

Males are territorial and smear gland secretions on rocks and branches to mark their territories; their preferred resting places are generally on elevated ground, where they can observe their territory. Females, by contrast, prefer deeper cover. The overall success of this species stems from its ability to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, as well as from its adaptable, generalist diet.

References

• Animal, Smithsonian Institution, 2005, pg. 250
• "Collins guide to African wildlife", Peter C. Alden, Richard D. Estes, Duane Schlitter, Bunny Mcbride, Harper Collins publishers, September 2004
• "Dorling Kindersley Mammal handbook", Editorial consultant; Juliet Clutton-Brock, Dorling Kindersley limited, 2002
• East African Wildlife,Philip Briggs,Bradt Travel Guides Limited,2007