Portal:Archaeology

Topics Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology  History Ancient Egypt Ancient Germanic Culture Ancient Greece Ancient Japan Ancient Near East Ancient Rome Anglo-Saxon England Archaeology Austria-Hungary  British Empire Bulgarian Empire Byzantine Empire Classical Civilisation Colonialism Crusades Dacia Disasters German Empire Heraldry History of Canada  History of science Imperial China Indian independence movement Khitan Latter Day Saint movement Middle Ages Mughal Empire New France Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Sasanian Empire Seljuk Empire Soviet Union  War Archaeology is the science that studies human cultures through the recovery, documentation, analysis and presentation of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, features, biofacts, and landscapes. The goals of archaeology vary, and there is debate as to what its aims and responsibilities are. Some goals include the documentation and explanation of the origins and development of human cultures, understanding culture history, chronicling cultural evolution, and studying human behavior and ecology, for both prehistoric and historical societies. Also, Archaeologists are concerned with the study of methods used in the discipline, and the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings underlying the questions archaeologists ask of the past. The tasks of surveying areas to find new sites, excavating sites to recover cultural remains, classification, analysis, and preservation are all important phases of the archaeological process. These are all important sources of information. Given the broad nature of the discipline, there is a great deal of cross-disciplinary research in archaeology. It draws upon anthropology, history, art history, classics, ethnology, geography, physics, information sciences, chemistry, statistics, paleoecology, paleontology, paleozoology, paleoethnobotany, paleobotany. Template:/box-footer The Norte Chico civilization was a complex Pre-Columbian society that included as many as 30 major population centers in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru. It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas, having flourished between the 30th century BC and the 18th century BC. The alternative name, Caral-Supe, is derived from Caral in the Supe Valley, a large and well-studied Norte Chico site. Complex society in Norte Chico emerged just a millennium after Sumer, was contemporaneous with the pyramids of Ancient Egypt, and predated the Mesoamerican Olmec by nearly two millennia. In archaeological nomenclature, Norte Chico is a Preceramic culture of the pre-Columbian Late Archaic; it completely lacked ceramics and was largely without art. The most impressive achievement of the civilization was its monumental architecture, including large platform mounds and sunken circular plazas. Archaeological evidence suggests use of textile technology and, possibly, the worship of common god symbols, both of which recur in pre-Columbian Andean cultures. Sophisticated government is assumed to have been required to manage the ancient Norte Chico, and questions remain over its organization, particularly the impact of food resources on politics. Archaeologists have been aware of ancient sites in the area since at least the 1940s; early work occurred at Aspero on the coast, a site identified as early as 1905, and later at Caral further inland. Peruvian archaeologists, led by Ruth Shady Solís, provided the first extensive documentation of the civilization in the late 1990s, with work at Caral. ...that archaeological excavations near the Andries DuBois House in Wallkill, New York, found evidence that it was built half a century later than previously believed? ...that American archaeologist and flintknapper Errett Callahan produces and sells obsidian scalpels that are 100 times sharper than the traditional surgical scalpels made of steel? ...that the Baths of Zeuxippus, built sometime around the 1st century CE in Constantinople, housed over 80 statues of important historical figures like Aristotle, Homer, Plato and Julius Caesar? ...that the French Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities took almost 50 years to complete from A to Z? ▼ Archaeology ► Archaeology by region ► Periods and stages in archaeology ► Archaeological sub-disciplines ► Archaeological cultures ► Archaeologists ► Archaeology awards ► Cultural heritage ► Methods in archaeology ► Archaeological organisations ► Pseudoarchaeology ► Archaeological sites ► Archaeological theory ► Treasure ► Archaeology stubs The Treasury of Athens is a building at Delphi, the holiest of Ancient Greek sites and shrine to the god Apollo. It was built to commemorate the Athenians' victory at the Battle of Marathon. It is one of a number of such treasuries, built by the various states—those overseas as well as those on the mainland—to commemorate victories and to thank the oracle for advice important to those victories. The Athenians had previously been given the advice by the oracle to put their faith in their "wooden walls" – taking this advice to mean their navy, they won a famous battle at Salamis. 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