Troides aeacus

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Golden Birdwing
File:Troides aeacus formosanus female back.jpg
Dorsal view
File:Troides aeacus formosanus male ventral view 20150418.jpg
Ventral view
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Papilionidae
Genus:
Troides
Species:
T. aeacus
Binomial name
Troides aeacus
Synonyms
  • Ornithoptera aeacus C. & R. Felder, 1860

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Golden Birdwing (Troides aeacus) is a large butterfly belonging to the Swallowtail (Papilionidae family).

Description

For terms see External morphology of Lepidoptera.

Troides aeacus has a wingspan reaching about 15–16 centimetres (5.9–6.3 in). In the males the fore wings are black, with veins bordered by whitish colour, while the hind wings are bright yellow. The underside of the wings is quite similar to the upside. The females are larger than the males and have dark-brown or black wings. Head, thorax and abdomen of this butterfly are mainly black, with small red patches on the thorax and a yellow underside of the abdomen. Caterpillars are pale brown, with long protrusions resembling thorns. They mainly feed on Aristolochia and Thottea species (Aristolochiaceae).

Troides aeacus closely resembles Troides helena cerebrus and differs as follows:—
Upper side, fore wing: the pale adnervular streaks more prominent, in some specimens extended into the cell along the outer half of the subcostal and of the median nervules.
Hind wing: the cone-shaped terminal black markings in interspaces 2, 3, and 4 more or less broadly bordered on the inner side by a dusky area that is irrorated with blackish scales; the black on the costal margin narrower, not extended below vein 8.

File:PompeopteraAeacusRippon.jpg
as Pompeoptera Aeacus in Robert Henry Fernando Rippon Icones Ornithopterorum (1898 to 1906)

Underside similar to the upperside, but the dusky black borders to the cone-shaped marks in interspaces 2, 3, and 4 wanting.

Antennae, head, thorax, abdomen and abdominal fold as in Troides helena cerebrus, but the abdomen beneath with two rows of black spots.—

In the female the differences from cerebrus are
Fore wing: the pale adnervular streaks very broad, very prominent and extended well into the cell.
Hind wing: the basal third of the cell and of interspace 2 black, the middle portion of the latter yellow anteriorly, bufty-white posteriorly ; the posterior half of the discal area between the postdiscal spots themselves and between them and the terminal cone-shaped markings more or less irrorated with blackish scales; lastly, the black in interspace 7 interrupted by an inner triangular and an outer small yellow spot.

Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in cerebrus, but the abdomen beneath with two lateral and two median rows of black spots.[1]

Range and Status

It is found in Northern India, Nepal, Burma, China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, Cambodia, peninsular Malaysia and Indonesia.

It is generally common and not threatened though it is classified as Vulnerable. Uncommon in Sumatra. May require protection in peninsular Malaya.[2]

Gallery

  • Taecus.jpg

    Female

  • Taecus1.jpg

    Male

  • Butterfly Male Golden Birdwing.jpg

    Troides aeacus

Subspecies

  • Troides aeacus formosanus Rothschild, 1899
  • Troides aeacus insularis Ney, 1905
  • Troides aeacus malaiianus Fruhstorfer, 1902
  • Troides aeacus szechwanus Okano & Okano, 1983

Related species

Troides aecus is the nominate member of the Troides aecus species group. The members of this clade are

Cited references

  1. ↑ Bingham, C. T. (1907). Fauna of British India. Butterflies. Volume 2.
  2. ↑ Collins, N.M. & Morris, M.G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World. IUCN. ISBN 2-88032-603-6 pdf

See also

References

  • Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies. (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India
  • Gay,Thomas; Kehimkar,Isaac & Punetha,J.C. (1992). Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.
  • Haribal, Meena (1994). Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History.
  • Kunte,Krushnamegh (2005). Butterflies of Peninsular India. Universities Press.
  • Kurt Rumbucher; Béla von Knötgen (1999). Part.6, Papilionidae. 3, Troides. 1 aeacus- group in Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Eds. Butterflies of the World Keltern : Goecke & Evers 1999. ISBN 978-3-931374-72-3
  • Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.

External links

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