Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

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Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (English)
Южно-Сахалинск (Russian)
-  City[1]  -
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk overview.jpg
View over a residential area of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Map of Russia - Sakhalin Oblast (2008-03).svg
Location of Sakhalin Oblast in Russia
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is located in Sakhalin Oblast
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Location of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in Sakhalin Oblast
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Coat of Arms of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.png
Coat of arms
Administrative status (as of December 2011)
Country Russia
Federal subject Sakhalin Oblast[1]
Administratively subordinated to city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk[1]
Administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast,[1] city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk[1]
Municipal status (as of May 2010)
Urban okrug Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug[2]
Head[citation needed] Sergey Nadsadin[3]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 181,728 inhabitants[4]
- Rank in 2010 99th
Time zone [5]
Founded 1882[citation needed]
City status since 1946[citation needed]
Previous names Vladimirovka (until 1882),[citation needed]
Toyohara (until 1946)[citation needed]
Postal code(s)[6] 693000
Dialing code(s) +7 4242; +7 42422[7]
Official website
[[:commons:Category:{{#property:Commons category}}|Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]] on Wikimedia Commons

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市 Hepburn: Toyohara-shi?)) from 1905 to 1946. Population: 181,728 (2010 Census);[4] 175,085 (2002 Census);[8] 159,299 (1989 Census).[9]

History

Early days of Vladimirovka
This Japanese D51 steam locomotive stands outside the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway Station

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk began as a small Russian settlement called Vladimirovka, founded by convicts in 1882.[citation needed] The Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, which brought an end to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, awarded the southern half of the Sakhalin Island to Japan. Vladimirovka was renamed Toyohara (meaning "bountiful plain"), and was the prefect capital of Japanese Karafuto Prefecture.[citation needed]

After the end of World War II, the Japanese portion of Sakhalin island was occupied by Soviet troops. Ownership of the city transferred back to the Soviet Union and it was renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ("Southern Sakhalin"). Town status was granted to it in 1946.[citation needed]

Administrative and municipal status

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with ten rural localities, incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is incorporated as Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug.[2]

Economy and infrastructure

Central part of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk museum in Japanese days
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk museum in 2008

Due to significant investment from oil companies like ExxonMobil and Shell, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk has experienced substantial economic growth. Although this growth has primarily occurred in the northern part of the island, both companies maintain headquarters and residential complexes in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk itself. The demand for natural resources by the Japanese, Chinese, and South Koreans has ensured continued prosperity in the foreseeable future for the entire island.

There has been significant criticism, including from Presidential Envoy Kamil Iskhakov, that Sakhalin is not caring for its citizens. Despite sizable gas deposits and incoming investments from gas companies, the regional administration does not yet have plans for the installation of gas services on the island. The oblast also continues to have the highest rate of juvenile crime in all of Russia, and more than 40% of its businesses are unprofitable.[citation needed]

Out of very few remaining Japanese buildings in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, one now functions as the local museum.

Transportation

The city is served by the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport. The city is also the hub for the island's narrow gauge railway network, the Sakhalin Railway, built under the Japanese administration in the early 20th century. In addition to railways, the town is also a hub for roadways, such as the A-391 (which travels east to Korsakov) and the A-392 (which travels west to Kholmsk).

Education

Institutes of higher education in the city include Sakhalin State University and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute of economics, law and informatics. Also there are some branches of other high schools:

  • Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute (branch) of Russian State trade-economics university
  • Branch of Far East State university of railways
  • Branch of Modern Academy of the humanities
  • Branch of The Pacific State economics university
  • Branch of Russian economics academy named after G.V. Plekhanov
  • Branch of Far East law institute

Population

Demographics

Most residents are ethnic Russians, but there also exists a sizable population of Koreans. Of the 43,000 Sakhalin Koreans, half are estimated to live in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, comprising roughly 12% of the city's population. Also smaller numbers of indigenous minorities, such as Ainu, Nivkhs and Oroks can be found.

Religion

The Latin Catholic Church of St. James in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is the cathedral episcopal see of the missionary (exempt, pre-diocesan) Apostolic Prefecture of Yuzhno Sakhalinsk (Karafuto until 2002, missio sui iuris until 1938).

Geography and climate

The city is located on the Susuya River. It is the largest city on the island, and the only one with more than 100,000 inhabitants. The straight-line distance to Moscow is 10,417 kilometers (6,473 mi).

Due to restrictions, foreigners wishing to leave Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in order to travel to any other part of the Sakhalin Oblast and its internal and territorial waters are required to seek permission from the Federal Security Service (FSB) and the Border Guard. Scuba diving and recreating on the seacoast is permitted only in places defined by the Border Guard.[10]

The climate is humid continental (Köppen Dfb) with mild summers and cold winters. Maritime influences can be seen in that precipitation is much higher than in interior Russia and that summers are distinctly cooler than in Khabarovsk or Irkutsk, while winters are much milder. Summers are frequently foggy, reducing the amount of sunshine. Considering its southerly marine position winters are very cold, albeit warmer than expected for surrounding inland areas affected by the Siberian High.

Climate data for Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)		 6.4
(43.5)		 12.5
(54.5)		 22.9
(73.2)		 28.5
(83.3)		 30.8
(87.4)		 34.4
(93.9)		 34.7
(94.5)		 29.0
(84.2)		 23.5
(74.3)		 18.1
(64.6)		 8.4
(47.1)		 34.7
(94.5)
Average high °C (°F) −6.7
(19.9)		 −5.3
(22.5)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 6.9
(44.4)		 13.4
(56.1)		 17.7
(63.9)		 20.8
(69.4)		 22.4
(72.3)		 19.0
(66.2)		 12.3
(54.1)		 3.2
(37.8)		 −3.7
(25.3)		 8.3
(46.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.2
(10)		 −11.7
(10.9)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 1.7
(35.1)		 7.2
(45)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.5
(59.9)		 17.3
(63.1)		 13.2
(55.8)		 6.5
(43.7)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 −8.6
(16.5)		 2.8
(37)
Average low °C (°F) −17.3
(0.9)		 −17.6
(0.3)		 −10.8
(12.6)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 2.5
(36.5)		 7.4
(45.3)		 12.0
(53.6)		 13.6
(56.5)		 8.4
(47.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 −13.3
(8.1)		 −1.8
(28.8)
Record low °C (°F) −36.2
(−33.2)		 −34.8
(−30.6)		 −30.5
(−22.9)		 −25.2
(−13.4)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 1.3
(34.3)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 −11.8
(10.8)		 −25.7
(−14.3)		 −33.5
(−28.3)		 −36.2
(−33.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 50
(1.97)		 35
(1.38)		 49
(1.93)		 59
(2.32)		 66
(2.6)		 51
(2.01)		 82
(3.23)		 111
(4.37)		 115
(4.53)		 101
(3.98)		 81
(3.19)		 64
(2.52)		 864
(34.02)
Average rainy days 0.3 0.4 2 10 17 17 20 19 19 19 9 2 135
Average snowy days 25 24 24 13 3 0.1 0 0 0 4 20 27 140
Average relative humidity (%) 83 81 78 76 77 83 86 87 83 80 81 83 82
Mean monthly sunshine hours 129 153 181 191 197 198 165 149 187 160 116 102 1,928
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[11]
Source #2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[12]

Twin towns and sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is twinned with:

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Law #25-ZO
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Law #524
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  6. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  7. ↑ Телефонные коды Сахалина - Dialing codes of Sakhalin (Russian)
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Freedom of movement for foreigners on Sakhalin restricted
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

  • Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №25-ЗО от 23 марта 2011 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №62-ЗО от 27 июня 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 10 Закона Сахалинской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 9 апреля 2011 г.. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №55(3742), 29 марта 2011 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #25-ZO of March 23, 2011 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #62-ZO of June 27, 2013 On Amending Article 10 of the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of April 9, 2011.).
  • Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №524 от 21 июля 2004 г. «О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №45-ЗО от 27 мая 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Сахалинской области "О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №175–176(2111–2112), 31 июля 2004 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #524 of July 21, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #45-ZO of May 27, 2013 On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).

External links

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