Silver azide

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Silver azide
200px
Identifiers
13863-88-2 N
ChemSpider 55601 YesY
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
PubChem 61698
  • InChI=1S/Ag.N3/c;1-3-2/q+1;-1 YesY
    Key: QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N YesY
  • InChI=1/Ag.N3/c;1-3-2/q+1;-1
    Key: QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYAJ
  • InChI=1S/Ag.N3/c;1-3-2/q+1;-1
    Key: QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [Ag+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-]
Properties
AgN3
Molar mass 149.888 g/mol
Appearance colorless solid
Density 4.42 g/cm3, solid
Melting point 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K) explosive
Boiling point decomposes
Solubility in other solvents 2.0×10−8 g/L
Structure
Orthorhombic oI16[1]
Ibam, No 72
Vapor pressure {{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Silver azide is the chemical compound with the formula AgN3. This colorless solid is a well-known explosive.

Structure and chemistry

Silver azide can be prepared by treating an aqueous solution of silver nitrate with sodium azide.[2] The silver azide precipitates as a white solid, leaving sodium nitrate in solution.

AgNO
3 (aq) + NaN
3 (aq) → AgN
3 (s) + NaNO
3 (aq)

X-ray crystallography shows that AgN3 is a coordination polymer with square planar Ag+ coordinated by four azide ligands. Correspondingly, each end of each azide ligand is connected to a pair of Ag+ centers. The structure consists of two-dimensional AgN3 layers stacked one on top of the other, with weaker Ag–N bonds between layers. The coordination of Ag+ can alternatively be described as highly distorted 4 + 2 octahedral, the two more distant nitrogen atoms being part of the layers above and below.[3]

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Part of a layer
Layer stacking
4 + 2 coordination of Ag+
2 + 1 coordination of N in N−
3

In its most characteristic reaction, the solid decomposes explosively, releasing nitrogen gas:

2 AgN
3 (s) → 3 N
2 (g) + 2 Ag (s)

The first step in this decomposition is the production of free electrons and azide radicals; thus the reaction rate is increased by the addition of semiconducting oxides.[4] Pure silver azide explodes at 340 °C, but the presence of impurities lowers this down to 270 °C.[5] This reaction has a lower activation energy and initial delay than the corresponding decomposition of lead azide.[6]

Safety

AgN3, like most heavy metal azides, is dangerously explosive. Decomposition can be triggered by exposure to ultraviolet light or by impact.[2] Ceric ammonium nitrate is used as an oxidising agent to destroy AgN
3 in spills.[5]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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