1994 Andalusian regional election

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1994 Andalusian regional election
← 1990 12 June 1994 1996 →
All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia
55 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered 5,389,552 Green Arrow Up Darker.svg7.6%
Turnout 3,625,445 (67.3%)
Green Arrow Up Darker.svg12.0 pp
  First party Second party Third party
  170x170px 170x170px 170x170px
Leader Manuel Chaves Javier Arenas Luis Carlos Rejón
Party PSOE–A People's Party of Andalusia United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia
Leader since 19 April 1990 25 July 1993 21 July 1988
Leader's seat Cádiz Seville Córdoba
Last election 62 seats, 49.6% 26 seats, 22.2% 11 seats, 12.7%
Seats won 45 41 20
Seat change Red Arrow Down.svg17 Green Arrow Up Darker.svg15 Green Arrow Up Darker.svg9
Popular vote 1,395,131 1,238,252 689,815
Percentage 38.7% 34.4% 19.1%
Swing Red Arrow Down.svg10.9 pp Green Arrow Up Darker.svg12.2 pp Green Arrow Up Darker.svg6.4 pp
  Fourth party
  170x170px
Leader Pedro Pacheco
Party PA–PAP
Leader since 1994
Leader's seat Cádiz
Last election 10 seats, 10.8%[lower-alpha 1]
Seats won 3
Seat change Red Arrow Down.svg7
Popular vote 208,862
Percentage 5.8%
Swing Red Arrow Down.svg5.0 pp
375px
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia
President before election

Manuel Chaves
PSOE–A

 Elected President

Manuel Chaves
PSOE–A

The 1994 Andalusian regional election was held on Sunday, 12 June 1994, to elect the 4th Parliament of the autonomous community of Andalusia. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with the 1994 European Parliament election.

The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia after winning the election. However, the poor results obtained by his party forced him to form a minority government 10 seats short of a majority. Eventually, a snap election had to be called in 1996 due to the impracticality of government resulting from the union, at times, of the two main opposition parties (People's Party and United Left).

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Andalusia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Andalusia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the regional Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1]

Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 109 members of the Parliament of Andalusia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, with each being allocated an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other).[1][2]

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[3]

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[2][4]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election. Election day was to take place between the thirtieth and the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August. The previous election was held on 23 June 1990, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 23 June 1994. The election was required to take place no later than the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament on the condition that it was not held between 1 July and 31 August, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Thursday, 30 June 1994.[1][2][5][6]

The Parliament of Andalusia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was to be deemed automatically elected.[1][5][6]

Parliamentary composition

The Parliament of Andalusia was officially dissolved on 19 April 1994, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia.[7] The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the Parliament at the time of dissolution.[8]

Parliamentary composition in April 1994
Parliamentary groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
Socialist PSOE–A 62 62
People's of Andalusia PP 26 26
United Left–Assembly for Andalusia PCA–PCE 10 11
PASOC 1
Andalusian PA 6 6
Mixed PAP 4[lower-alpha 2] 4

Campaign

Election debates

1994 Andalusian regional election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[lower-alpha 3]  
PSOE–A PP Audience Ref.
2 June Canal Sur
Antena 3		 Manuel Campo Vidal P
Chaves		 P
Arenas		 40.6%
(1,102,000)		 [9]
[10]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.

Color key:

      Exit poll

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Victory preferences

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Victory likelihood

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Results

Overall

← Summary of 12 June 1994 Parliament of Andalusia election results →
350px
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) 1,395,131 38.72 –10.88 45 –17
People's Party (PP) 1,238,252 34.36 +12.18 41 +15
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) 689,815 19.14 +6.47 20 +9
Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)1 208,862 5.80 –4.95 3 –7
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) 12,078 0.34 +0.11 0 ±0
Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS) 9,875 0.27 –0.91 0 ±0
Andalusian Nation (NA)2 9,690 0.27 +0.21 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 5,510 0.15 +0.08 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2,637 0.07 –0.01 0 ±0
Socialist October (OS) 641 0.02 New 0 ±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 350 0.01 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 30,750 0.85 +0.41
Total 3,603,591 109 ±0
Valid votes 3,603,591 99.40 –0.16
Invalid votes 21,854 0.60 +0.16
Votes cast / turnout 3,625,445 67.27 +11.93
Abstentions 1,764,107 32.73 –11.93
Registered voters 5,389,552
Sources[11][12][13]
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Footnotes:
Popular vote
PSOE–A
  
 38.72%
PP
  
 34.36%
IULV–CA
  
 19.14%
PA–PAP
  
 5.80%
Others
  
 1.13%
Blank ballots
  
 0.85%
Seats
PSOE–A
  
 41.28%
PP
  
 37.61%
IULV–CA
  
 18.35%
PA–PAP
  
 2.75%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency PSOE–A PP IULV–CA PA–PAP
 % S  % S  % S  % S
Almería 38.1 5 41.9 5 15.0 1 3.2 −
Cádiz 34.5 5 33.2 5 18.2 3 11.6 2
Córdoba 37.5 6 30.8 4 24.6 3 5.3 −
Granada 38.3 5 38.6 6 16.8 2 4.4 −
Huelva 44.1 5 33.3 4 15.7 2 5.2 −
Jaén 42.6 5 35.9 5 15.6 2 4.1 −
Málaga 34.3 6 36.5 6 22.4 4 4.7 −
Seville 42.0 8 30.6 6 19.5 3 5.8 1
Total 38.7 45 34.4 41 19.1 20 5.8 3
Sources[11][12][13]

Aftermath

Investiture
Manuel Chaves (PSOE–A)
Ballot → 20 July 1994 23 July 1994 29 July 1994[lower-alpha 5]
Required majority → 55 out of 109 N Simple N Simple YesY
Yes
44 / 109
43 / 109
44 / 109
No
63 / 109
64 / 109
41 / 109
Abstentions
0 / 109
0 / 109
4 / 109
Absentees
  • • PSOE–A (1) (2 on 23 Jul)
  • • PP (1) (on 20 Jul)
2 / 109
2 / 109
1 / 109
Sources[11]

Notes

  1. ↑ Results for PA in the 1990 election.
  2. ↑ Manuel González Fustegueras, José Guerrero, Antonio Núñez and Pedro Pacheco, former PA legislators.
  3. ↑ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 Within PA–PAP.
  5. ↑ 19 IULV–CA MPs did not participate in 29 July vote.

References

Opinion poll sources
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Other
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ley Orgánica 6/1981, de 30 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para Andalucía, Organic Law No. 2 of 30 December 1981 Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Español)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ley 1/1986, de 2 de enero, Electoral de Andalucía, Law No. 1 of 2 January 1986 Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Español)
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General, Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Español)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ley 6/1983, de 21 de Julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma, Law No. 6 of 21 July 1983 Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Español)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ley 1/1990, de 30 de enero, por la que se modifica la Ley 6/1983, de 21 de julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma, Law No. 1 of 30 January 1990 Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Español)
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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